犁铧式马铃薯中耕机培土装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Soil Cultivating Device of Plowshare Potato Field Cultivator

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 刘齐卉 李紫辉[1] 李季成[1] 刘中原[1] Lü Jinqing;LIU Qihui;LI Zihui;LI Jicheng;LIU Zhongyuan(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第7期71-82,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-P23);黑龙江省马铃薯产业技术协同创新推广体系项目。

摘　　要：针对砂壤土条件下马铃薯中耕机作业效率低、培土效果不佳等问题,设计了一种犁铧式马铃薯中耕机。阐述了该机整体结构及工作原理,阐明了犁体曲面成形原理,采用水平元线法并结合马铃薯中耕作业要求以及动力学分析确定了影响培土犁作业效果的犁体结构参数及其取值范围。基于EDEM离散元仿真技术,建立了部件土壤仿真模型,以培土高度、土壤破碎率为试验指标,以导曲线上端切线夹角、初始元线角、元线角差值为试验因素,进行了二次正交旋转回归仿真试验。在仿真试验基础上进行了田间试验,结果表明,所设计的犁铧式马铃薯中耕机碎土率为94.7%、培土高度为8.4 cm、作业深度为13.6 cm,根深稳定性系数为92.1%,油耗为14.6 kg/hm^(2),明显优于锄铲式马铃薯中耕机的作业效率及作业效果,满足马铃薯中耕机作业要求。In order to solve the problems of low operating efficiency and poor soil cultivation effect of potato cultivators in sandy loam soil conditions,a type of plowshare potato cultivator was designed.The overall structure and working principle of the machine were described.It clarified the main view of the plow body's contour,the establishment of the guide curve,and the change law of the angle between the horizontal element straight line and the x-axis,and using the horizontal element line method,combined with the requirements of potato field tillage operation and dynamic analysis,the plow body structure parameters and their ranges that affected the effect of soil plow operation were determined.Based on the EDEM discrete element simulation technology,a component-soil simulation model was established.The soil height and soil fragmentation rate were used as test indicators.The tangent angle at the upper end of the guide curve,the initial element line angle,and the element line angle difference were the test factors,and the simulated quadratic orthogonal rotation regression test was carried out.Field experiments were conducted on the basis of simulation.The test results showed that the plowshare potato field cultivator developed had the soil crushing rate of 94.7%,the soil height of 8.4 cm,the working depth was 13.6 cm,the root depth stability coefficient was 92.1%,and the fuel consumption was 14.6 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly better than the shovel type potato field cultivator's operating efficiency and results,and satisfied the operating requirements of the potato field cultivator.

关 键 词：马铃薯中耕机 犁铧式 犁体曲面 离散元法 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]