悉尼奥运会和伦敦奥运会的志愿遗产治理对北京冬奥会的启示  

Legacy Governance of Olympic Volunteering at the Sydney Olympic Games and London Olympic Games Enlightenment for Beijing Winter Olympics

作　　者：王艳[1] 陈睿 李征宇 WANG Yan;CHEN Rui;LI Zheng-yu(Economics and Management School of Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院经济管理学院,上海200438

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2021年第2期1-7,共7页China Winter Sports

基　　金：2018国际奥委会博士与青年学者研究基金。

摘　　要：在北京冬奥会关键筹备期和推进治理能力现代化的背景下,运用赛事杠杆作用分析框架,梳理了悉尼奥运会和伦敦奥运会的志愿遗产治理路径及系列举措。研究认为:悉尼奥运会和伦敦奥运会通过对不同利益相关者(组委会、政府体育部门、高校、志愿组织、企业、信托基金等)的系统治理,在一定程度上实现了奥运志愿遗产转化。这5项具体治理措施包括:组委会与社会组织合作,科学招募、培育专业志愿者;由专业机构提供志愿者培训,转移奥运志愿项目管理知识;赛后向相关机构移交志愿者数据库,维护奥运人力资源;拓展志愿信息渠道,推出配套志愿服务专项计划;设立信托基金,提供赛后遗产治理专项资金支持。北京冬奥会可汲取部分经验,通过系统化的遗产治理,利用大型赛事的杠杆作用,将奥运志愿遗产愿景变为服务社会的现实,推动我国志愿服务事业的发展。This study illustrates the volunteer legacy governance of the 2000 Sydney and 2012 London Olympic Games in the contemporary context of ‘promoting the modernisation of national governance system and governance ability’ and the hosting of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Findings show that: both Australia and United Kingdom, to some extent, have realised the Olympic volunteer legacy via the systematic governance among different stakeholders organising committee, sport department, universities, voluntary organisations, corporations, trust fund, although these two countries were in different stages of volunteering development at the time of Sydney 2000 and London 2012. Governance structure and five governance practices are identified, which helped achieve the volunteer legacy transformation in the post-event period, including: teaming up with local organisations and scientific volunteer recruitment and cultivation;professional training and volunteer programme knowledge transition;transferring volunteer database and retaining volunteers;offering volunteering opportunities and specialised volunteer legacy programme as well as financial support via the Trust Fund. As a result, this study is well-positioned to provide an empirical contribution to the volunteer legacy governance, which will leverage the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games for the development of the volunteerism in China.

关 键 词：奥运会 志愿遗产 治理 北京冬奥会 启示 

分 类 号：G80-053[文化科学—运动人体科学]