加氯反冲洗膜污染及消毒副产物前体物的调控  

Control of Membrane Fouling with Chlorination Backwash and Disinfection By-product Precursors

作　　者：岳霄 李星[1] 于海宽 杨艳玲[1] 吕秀民 纪洪杰 YUE Xiao;LI Xing;YU Haikuan;YANG Yanling;LÜXiumin;JI Hongjie(Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Dongying Waterworks Company,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100124 [2]东营市自来水公司,山东东营257091

出　　处：《水处理技术》2021年第7期99-102,107,共5页Technology of Water Treatment

基　　金：南水北调山东受水区饮用水安全保障技术研究与综合示范(2012ZX07404-003);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0406203)。

摘　　要：研究了水力反冲洗和加氯反冲洗对超滤系统的膜污染控制效果,考察了加氯反冲洗后超滤系统初滤水中消毒副产物(DBP)前体物含量的变化特性,提出了加氯反冲洗过程的优化措施。结果表明,类蛋白质是造成不可逆膜污染的主要污染物,加氯反冲洗的酪氨酸、色氨酸洗脱效果更佳,质量浓度20 mg/L的NaClO投加量的不可逆膜污染速率只有水力反冲洗的5.71%,可有效控制不可逆膜污染,超滤系统可以长时间稳定运行。水力反冲洗的超滤系统有机物去除效果明显,加氯反冲洗可造成有机物去除效果降低,初滤水中DBP前体物含量升高,主要为三氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷、三氯乙酸、二氯乙酸前体物。可采用加氯反冲洗与水力反冲洗的复合反冲洗方式,或排放超滤系统初滤水的措施消减DBP前体物的影响。The effects of hydraulic backwash and chlorination backwash on the membrane fouling control and the change characteristics of the content of disinfection by-product(DBP) precursors in the primary filtration water after chlorination backwash in ultrafiltration system were investigated. The optimization measures of chlorination backwash process were proposed. The results showed that, protein-like substances were the main pollutants that caused irreversible membrane pollution and chlorination backwash had a better elution effect on tyrosine and tryptophan. The irreversible membrane pollution rate with mass concentration of 20 mg/L NaClO dosage was only 5.71% of hydraulic backwash, which could effectively control irreversible membrane pollution, and the ultrafiltration system could run stably for a long time. Hydraulic backwash showed better organic matter removal performance than chlorination backwash. The concentrations of DBP precursors in the initial filtered water after chlorination backwash were high,mainly including trichloromethane precursor, monobromodichloromethane precursor, trichloroacetic acid precursor and dichloroacetic acid precursor.The combined backwash method of chlorination backwash and hydraulic backwash, or the measures of discharging the primary filtration water of the ultrafiltration system could be used to reduce the impacts of DBP precursors.

关 键 词：超滤系统 膜污染控制 加氯反冲洗 初滤水 消毒副产物前体物 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TQ028.8[化学工程]