仲裁裁决撤销之诉中公共利益条款的司法适用  

Judicial Application of Public Interest Clause in the Lawsuit of Revocation of Arbitral Award

作　　者：邓仁江 Deng Renjiang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《北京仲裁》2020年第4期5-26,共22页Beijing Arbitration Quarterly

摘　　要：实证研究表明,在仲裁裁决撤销之诉中,公共利益条款的司法适用事由可以体系化地剥离和总结为“两大类、七小类”。首先,法律代表着公共利益,第一大类的四种情形即均以此为共同的出发点,分别是:违反法律规则、违反基本原则、违反法理原则、违反生效判决。其次,共同利益、国家利益、未来利益可以向公共利益演化,第二大类的三重路径即体现了以公共利益为目标的不同演进轨迹,分别是:直接侵害公众的共同利益、导致国有财产的巨大损失、造成不良的社会示范效应。上述七种情形各自完全符合时,均可独立证成对公共利益之违背,构成了目前我国仲裁裁决撤销之诉中公共利益条款较为成熟的适用事由。但实践中公共利益条款从“滥用之虞”演变成了“不敢用之惧”,不少法官往往惮于适用这一条款来对仲裁裁决进行实质审查。此外,受制于实践中具体案例存在的或多或少瑕疵,以及举证的充分程度,当申请人请求法院撤销仲裁裁决时,或是被法官拒于司法审查的门外,或是裁决经受住了司法审查未被撤销,或是裁决在司法审查过程中证实违背公共利益而被撤销。Empirical research shows that in the lawsuit of revocation of arbitral award,the judicial application of public interest clauses can be systematically extracted and summarized as“two categories and seven subcategories”.First of all,the law represents the public interest,which is the common starting point of the four situations in the first category,namely,violation of legal provisions,basic principles,legal principles and effective judgments.Secondly,common interests,national interests and future interests can evolve to public interests.The second category of triple paths reflects different evolution paths aiming at public interests,namely,directly infringing on public common interests,causing huge losses of state-owned property and causing adverse social demonstration effects.In theory,all the seven situations mentioned above can prove to be contrary to the public interest.The above situations constitute the mature application reasons of the public interest clause in the lawsuit of revocation of arbitral award in China.However,due to the more or less defects in specific cases in practice and the sufficient degree of proof,when the applicant requests the court to revoke the arbitral award,it is either rejected by the judge,or the award has withstood the judicial review and has not been revoked,or the award has been revoked because it is proved to be contrary to the public interest in the judicial review process.

关 键 词：仲裁裁决 司法审查 撤销之诉 公共利益 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]