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作 者:常玲[1] 张锋[1] 刘冬[1] 吴小燕[1] 马金龙[1] CHANG Ling;ZHANG feng;LIU Dong;WU Xiaoyan;MA Jinlong(Department of Health Monitor,Xi′an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi′an 710054,China)
机构地区:[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,西安710054
出 处:《公共卫生与预防医学》2021年第4期45-49,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基 金:中央财政专项(SNHJ01)。
摘 要:目的描述西安市城乡室内空气污染现状,分析室内污染物与居住习惯的关系,以及污染物对健康影响,为改善室内环境提供参考意见。方法采用随机整群抽样,从西安市选取29户周边农村家庭和53户城区家庭,通过问卷调查和现场环境采样收集相关数据,用非参数检验和卡方检验进行统计分析。结果总体上,西安市室内CO、NO_(2)、甲苯、二甲苯值远低于国家标准,CO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、甲醛浓度的中位数分别为:0.1%、44.5μg/m^(3)、51.5μg/m^(3)、34.5μg/m^(3)。CO、NO_(2)、甲醛、甲苯、二甲苯在城乡差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且均为城市高于农村。使用加湿器和种盆栽的家庭室内甲醛、CO、NO_(2)的检测值更高(P<0.05),养宠物家庭室内CO、NO_(2)的检测值更高(P<0.05)。室内污染物与健康关系研究结果显示,PM_(10)、CO、NO_(2)浓度与儿童睡眠时间和感冒的关系差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论西安市城市室内空气污染高于农村,建议居民慎重使用加湿器、种盆栽和养宠物,减少室内空气污染,改善健康。Objective To investigate the indoor air quality in urban and rural areas in Xi′an,to analyze the relationship between indoor pollutants and living habits,and to study the impact of pollutants on health,so as to provide reference for improving indoor environment.Methods Through random cluster sampling,29 families from rural areas and 53 families from urban areas were selected from Xi′an.Data was collected by questionnaire survey and on-site environmental sampling.Non-parametric test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results Overall,the values of CO,NO_(2),toluene and xylene in Xi′an were far lower than the national standards.The medians of CO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and formaldehyde were 0.1%,44.5μg/m^(3),51.5μg/m^(3),and 34.5μg/m^(3),respectively.The differences in the values of CO,NO_(2),formaldehyde,toluene and xylene in urban and rural areas were statistically significant(P<0.05),with all the values in urban areas being higher than those in rural areas.The detected values of formaldehyde,CO,and NO_(2) were higher in families with humidifiers and potted plants(P<0.05).The results of CO and NO_(2) were higher in families with pets(P<0.05).Analysis of the relationship between indoor pollution and health showed that the concentrations of PM_(10),CO,and NO_(2) were significantly correlated with children′s sleep duration and colds(P<0.05).Conclusion The indoor air pollution in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas in Xi′an.It is suggested that residents should be cautious about the use of humidifiers,planting potted plants,and keeping pets,to reduce indoor air pollution and improve their health.
分 类 号:R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]
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