生活再生水滴灌对侧限根苹果生长、光合及产量的影响  

Effects of Reclaimed Water Drip Irrigation on Growth,Photosynthesis and Yield of Root Limited Apple

作　　者：朱永福 田军仓[1,2,3] 沈晖 闫新房[1,2,3] ZHU Yongfu;TIAN Juncang;SHEN Hui;YAN Xinfang(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《宁夏工程技术》2021年第2期126-133,共8页Ningxia Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“生活再生水回用技术研发与示范(2018YFC0408104)”;宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A03,NXYLXK2021A03)。

摘　　要：为了探究宁夏生活再生水滴灌灌溉定额与侧限根的苹果水资源高效利用模式,采用随机区组设计,设置侧限根+地表覆膜(S1)、不限根+地表覆膜(S2)和不限根+不覆膜(S3)三种限根类型的生活再生水(Q_(1))和黄河水(Q_(2))不同灌溉定额(W_(1)=3240 m^(3)/hm^(2)、W_(2)=4860 m^(3)/hm^(2),W_(3)=6480 m^(3)/hm^(2))的组合,对滴灌苹果生长、光合和产量的影响进行试验研究。结果表明,在生活再生水侧限根+地表覆膜滴灌条件下,其灌溉定额3个水平均值的生长、光合和苹果产量值较优,与黄河水不限根+地表不覆膜各灌溉定额3个水平均值相比,苹果新梢长和茎粗分别增加了23.90%和7.25%,光合指标(Pn、Tr、Gs和Ci)分别增加了8.15%,11.15%,20.84%和5.35%,苹果产量增加了13.59%。在生活再生水(Q_(1))和灌溉定额3个水平均值条件下,S1比S2、S3的苹果新梢长分别增加了4.78%和7.61%,新梢茎粗分别增加了1.56%和3.08%,Pn分别增加了3.47%和6.22%,Tr分别增加了2.03%和8.80%,Gs分别增加了10.33%和14.73%,Ci分别为增加了2.11%和3.90%,产量分别增加了3.29%和7.66%。故对四年生矮砧密植礼泉短富苹果,在生育期降雨量为180.4 mm和砂砾石土条件下,苹果水资源高效利用的较优管理模式为S1Q_(1)W_(3)处理,即生活再生水高水灌溉并进行侧限根+地表覆膜组合。该研究为宁夏旱区苹果高效节水灌溉增产提质增效提供了技术依据。In order to explore the efficient utilization mode of apple water resources under drip irrigation quota of domestic reclaimed water and lateral root limited irrigation in Ningxia,a randomized block design is used to set three types of root limited domestic reclaimed water(Q_(1))and Yellow River water(Q_(2))with different irrigation quota(W_(1)=3240 m^(3)/hm^(2),W_(2)=4860 m^(3)/hm^(2),W_(3)=6480 m^(3)/hm^(2)).The apple growth,photosynthesis and yield under different drip irrigations are studied.The results show that the growth,photosynthesis and apple yield of the three levels of irrigation quota are better under the condition of lateral root restriction with reclaimed water and surface film mulching drip irrigation.Compared with the three levels of irrigation quota without root restriction and surface film mulching in Yellow River,the apple shoot length and stem diameter are increased by 23.90%and 7.25%respectively.The photosynthetic index(Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci)is increased by 8.15%and 7.25%,11.15%,20.84%and 5.35%.And the apple yield is increased by 13.59%.Under the three levels of reclaimed water(Q_(1))and irrigation quota,the shoot length of S1 are increased by 4.78%and 7.61%,with the increased shoot diameter of 1.56%and 3.08%,Pn increased by 3.47%and 6.22%,Tr increased by 2.03%and 8.80%,Gs increased by 10.33%and 14.73%,Ci increased by 2.11%and 3.90%,and yield increased by 3.29%and 7.66%.Therefore,for 4-year-old apple trees with low rootstock and dense planting Liquan short and rich apple trees,under the condition of 180.4 mm rainfall and gravel soil in growth period,the best management mode for efficient utilization of water resources of apple trees is S1Q_(1)W_(3)treatment.That is,high water irrigation with domestic reclaimed water and combination of lateral root and surface film mulching,provides technical basis for efficient water-saving irrigation for apple trees in arid area of Ningxia.

关 键 词：生活再生水 滴灌 苹果 水资源高效利用模式 节水提质增效 

分 类 号：S273.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]