转向文化交融理论:论文化同化理论的缺陷与出路——以姚安芦笙乐舞为例  

Turning to the Theory of Cultural Integration:On the Defects of the Theory of Acculturation and Possible Solutions:A Case Study of Yaoan Lusheng Music-Dance Performance

作　　者：李世武 LI Shiwu(School of Art,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Center for Studies of Ethnicinorities in the Borderland of Southwest China,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学艺术学院,江苏南京211189 [2]云南大学西南边疆少数民族研究中心,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第4期81-91,共11页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“多民族艺术交融与中华民族认同研究”(20ZD27)。

摘　　要：学界对"用夏变夷""以汉化夷"等文化政策包含的文化同化乃至文化进化思想的消极意义反思不足。姚安芦笙乐舞有力地证明:不同民族间的艺术在历史语境中接触的过程及其结果是艺术交融而非艺术同化。文化同化理论的缺陷,主要体现在其不能准确解释不同文化群体相互接触后双方文化的表现形式及内涵发生转变的过程及其结果。中国民族学意义上的文化交融理论的基本观点是:以促进各民族对中华文化的认同,铸牢中华民族共同体意识为总体目标;以各民族在文化上共创、共传、共享、同源异流、相互吸收、相互借鉴等规律的成因、具体表现、社会意义和社会作用等为主要研究对象;以各民族文化间的比较研究为核心方法;主张整体意义上的文化相对论;在文化事项族属难定的前提下,可从共创、共传、共享、同源异流等角度展开研究;在文化事项族属相对可辨的前提下,主张中华文化的交融性主要体现为"少数民族吸收汉族文化、汉族吸收少数民族文化、各少数民族文化相互吸收"的辩证统一;提倡发展跨族际交融型文化。文化交融理论有利于建构开放的中国民族学理论,有利于促进民族艺术研究的范式创新。The academic community has not reflected enough on the negative impact of the idea of acculturation and cultural evolution embodied in the cultural policies of“transforming the ethnic minorities to the Xia”and“transforming the ethnic minorities to the Han”.Yaoan Lusheng(a reed-pipe wind instrument)music-dance performance is a strong proof that the process of contact between different ethnic groups in the historical context and its result is artistic intermingling rather than artistic assimilation.The weaknesses of acculturation theory are reflected mainly in its inability to accurately explain the process and results of the transformation of the expressions and connotations of the cultures of different groups after their contact with each other.The theory of acculturation in the sense of Chinese ethnography has the following main points:to promote the identification of all ethnic groups with Chinese culture and to enhance a firm sense of the community of the Chinese nation with a shared destiny as the general goal;to take the origins,specific manifestations,social significance and social roles of the laws of cultural co-creation,co-transmission,sharing,homologation,mutual absorption and mutual reference of all ethnic groups as the main research objects;to take the comparative study of the cultures of all ethnic groups as the core.On the premise that the ethnicity of cultural matters is difficult to be determined,research can be carried out from the perspectives of co-creation,co-transmission,sharing,and common origin and divergence;on the premise that the ethnicity of cultural matters is relatively identifiable,it is advocated that the intermingling of Chinese culture is reflected mainly in the dialectic of“ethnic minorities absorbing Han culture,the Han absorbing ethnic minority cultures,and various ethnic minority cultures absorbing each other”.On the premise of the relative ethnicity of cultural matters,it is advocated that the intermingling of Chinese culture is reflected mainly in the dialectical

关 键 词：文化交融理论 文化同化理论 跨族际交融型文化 中华文化认同 多民族艺术交融 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]