我国农业面源污染现状与特征分析  

Analysis on status and characteristics of agricultural non point source pollution in China

作　　者：王思如 杨大文[1,2] 孙金华[3] 唐莉华[1,2] 王朋杰[3] 卢少勇 WANG Siru;YANG Dawen;SUN Jinhua;TANG Lihua;WANG Pengjie;LU Shaoyong(School of Civil Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Benchmark and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;National Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control for Environmental Protection,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;National Environmental Protection Dongting Lake Scientific Observation and Research Station,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学土木水利学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [4]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [5]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京100012 [6]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护洞庭湖科学观测研究站,北京100012

出　　处：《水资源保护》2021年第4期140-147,172,共9页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y519013)。

摘　　要：采用改进输出系数法估算了2016年我国农业面源污染(agricultural non-point source pollution, ANP)排放量,利用单位面积负荷系数与等标污染负荷指数分别评价了ANP环境影响程度与污染严重程度,运用聚类分析法识别了污染排放特征,分析了ANP排放变化及其主导来源。结果显示,2016年我国ANP氮磷排放量分别为294.3万t、33.1万t,农田种植和畜禽养殖分别是总氮、总磷排放的主要来源;与2007年相比,2016年我国ANP中氮磷排放量分别增长8.8%和16.4%,增长主要来源于畜禽养殖。The improved output coefficient method was used to estimate the agricultural non-point source pollution(ANP) emissions in 2016 in China. The environmental impact and pollution severity of ANP were evaluated by unit area load coefficient and equal standard pollution load index, respectively. The pollution emission characteristics were identified by cluster analysis, and the change of ANP emissions and its main sources were analyzed. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of ANP in China in 2016 were 2.943 million tons and 0.331 million tons respectively, and farmland planting and livestock breeding were the main sources of total nitrogen and phosphorus emissions respectively. Compared with 2007, the nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of ANP in China increased by 8.8% and 16.4% respectively in 2016, which mainly came from livestock breeding.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 氮磷污染 改进输出系数法 污染排放特征 农田种植 畜禽养殖 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]