秦、两汉帝陵二元式空间结构概说  

On the Spatial Structure of the Qin and Han Royal Mausoleums

作　　者：严辉 YAN Hui

机构地区：[1]洛阳市文物考古研究院,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《中原文物》2021年第3期79-86,共8页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要："秦始皇出寝,起之于墓侧,汉因而不改",是秦、两汉帝陵贯穿始终的发展主线。秦、两汉帝陵空间结构由四个系统组成,瘗埋系统和祭祀系统,是服务于陵园建设目的、建设思想的最主体部分。兆域设施、奉陵建筑是附属和延伸。瘗埋系统处于地面之下;祭祀系统、兆域设施、奉陵建筑处于地面以上。地面之下,逝者形魄安身之处。地面之上,逝者神魂之所居、生者供奉守卫之地。秦两汉时期灵魂的二元式观念以及人死之后处置形体与灵魂的不同方式,是促成帝陵二种格局形成的思想渊源,秦始皇陵修建完成后此种陵墓空间结构开始成型。秦、两汉帝陵一贯的、不可或缺的元素都包含在此瘗埋和祭祀系统之中。瘗埋和祭祀融合设置的特性,是比较突出和比较有特色的,有别于秦汉之前和之后的陵墓。将瘗埋和祭祀设置在同一个空间的不同区间内,既有意区别,又互为补充,体现的是"古不墓祭,今俗墓祀"的社会风尚和国家礼仪。The Han-Dynasty mausoleums continued the tradition of the Qin Dynasty.The emperor-mausoleum space of the Qin and Han Dynasties consists of four systems:the underground and the sacrifice systems made the core of the construction ideology,while the above ground facilities and constructions made the extension.The underground was for the soul po to rest.The above ground space was for the soul hun to settle and for the living to sacrifice and to guard.The duality of soul during the Qin and Han periods contributed to the duality of the emperor mausoleum then,the system of which was first established in the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin.The inhumation and sacrifice system was most distinctive,which differed from mausoleums of any other dynasty.

关 键 词：秦汉帝陵 形制要素 二元式 空间结构 瘗埋系统 祭祀系统 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]