大亚湾海域夏、冬季的潮汐特征及余水位与风的相关性初步探讨  

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE TIDAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SUMMER AND WINTER AND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN RESIDUAL WATER LEVEL AND WIND IN DAYA BAY

作　　者：朱佳 胡建宇 陈照章 孙振宇 杨龙奇 彭帅星 吉皎月 ZHU Jia;HU Jian-Yu;CHEN Zhao-Zhang;SUN Zhen-Yu;YANG Long-Qi;PENG Shuai-Xing;JI Jiao-Yue(State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science(Xiamen University),Xiamen 361012,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,厦门361012 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室,珠海519082

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2021年第3期562-572,共11页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,41776027号;惠州市2017年市级统筹油补资金项目,F2017-01-1号。

摘　　要：大亚湾及其邻近海域冬、夏季各14个临时水位观测点1个月的实测潮位资料显示:各站的水位曲线均呈现明显的“双峰”现象,且湾顶比湾口更为明显。本文采用了调和分析方法,给出M_(2)、S_(2)、K_(1)、O_(1)四个主要分潮及M_(4)、M_(6)、2MS_(6)三个浅水分潮的振幅和迟角同潮图,分析大亚湾的主要潮汐特征,探讨了浅水分潮对双峰结构的贡献,并采用交叉谱分析对余水位与风的相关性进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)大亚湾海域各主要分潮振幅均由湾口向湾顶递增;高潮发生时间由湾口向湾顶推迟;涨潮历时均大于落潮历时;平均潮差在湾顶达到最大;(2)大亚湾内属于不正规半日潮,而考洲洋及其湾外海域则属于不正规全日潮;(3)大亚湾内浅水效应明显,从湾口至湾顶,六分之一日分潮的振幅呈5—7倍的增长,主导了大亚湾潮波系统的形变;(4)分潮重构结果显示,四分之一日和六分之一日浅水分潮(尤其是2MS_(6)分潮)的异常增长,是导致大亚湾潮汐双峰现象的主要原因;(5)冬季大亚湾内各点的余水位与风速呈现正相关,相关系数均在0.53以上;(6)周期为0.45—0.53 d的沿岸风对各站余水位的影响最大。One-month tidal data were measured at 14 temporary observation stations in winter and summer in Daya Bay,and the dada show that the water level at each station presented obvious bimodal phenomenon,which is more obvious at the top than at the mouth of the bay.By using harmonic analysis method,the cotidal charts of the amplitude and the phase lag of four main tidal components M_(2),S_(2),K_(1) and O_(1),and three shallow water tidal components M_(4),M_(6),and 2MS_(6) were plotted;and the major tidal characteristics were analyzed.In addition,the contribution of shallow water tide to the bimodal structure was deduced through the tidal constituent reconstruction,and the correlation between residual water level and wind was discussed.The results are as followed.First,the amplitudes of each tidal constituent in the Daya Bay increased from the mouth to the endpoint of the bay,the occurrence time of high tide was postponed from the mouth to the endpoint of the bay,and the flood duration lasts much longer than the ebb duration,the mean tidal range reached its maximum at the endpoint.Secondly,the tidal type in the Daya Bay was irregular semidiurnal tide,while those in the Kaozhouyang and the areas outside the bay were irregular diurnal tide.Thirdly,the shallow water effect dominated the deformation of the tidal wave system in the Daya Bay,and the amplitude of the quarter-diurnal and sexta-diurnal tides increased 5-7 times from the mouth to the endpoint of the bay.Fourthly,the abnormal growth of the quarter-diurnal and sexta-diurnal tides(especially 2MS_(6))was the main cause of the bimodal phenomenon in the bay.Fifthly,in winter,the residual water level in Daya Bay was correlated positively with the wind speed,and the correlation coefficient was above 0.53.Sixthly,the alongshore wind with a period of 0.45—0.53 d had the greatest influence on the residual water level of each station.

关 键 词：大亚湾 水位双峰 潮汐特征 浅水分潮 余水位与风的相关性 

分 类 号：P717[天文地球—海洋科学]