低丘红壤垦造耕地土壤肥力演变及其熟化标准探讨  

Soil Fertility of Red Soil Reclamation Land in Low Hilly Area:Evolution and Maturity Criteria

作　　者：姜铭北 章明奎[2] 严建立 王道泽[4] Jiang Mingbei;Zhang Mingkui;Yan Jianli;Wang Daoze(Chun’an Plant Protection and Soil-fertilizer Station,Chun’an 311700,Zhejiang,China;College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,Zhejiang,China;Hangzhou Plant Protection and Soil-fertilizer Station,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]淳安县农业技术推广中心植保土肥站,浙江淳安311700 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [3]杭州市农业科学研究院,杭州310024 [4]杭州市植保土肥总站,杭州310020

出　　处：《农学学报》2021年第7期32-36,55,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目“丘陵山地垦造耕地地力快速协调提升关键技术研究与应用”(2019C02035)。

摘　　要：为了解低丘红壤垦造地土壤肥力的演变规律,采用以空间代时间的方法探讨了低丘红壤耕地在垦造和培肥熟化过程中土壤质量的演变历程。结果表明,荒地红壤开垦为耕地初期,土壤有机质、全氮、水稳定性团聚体及有效磷和速效钾含量因表土与心土混合而显著下降;但随着培肥熟化时间的增长,土壤酸度逐渐下降,盐基饱和度增加,有机质和腐殖质占有机质的比例逐渐上升,水稳定性团聚体数量、全磷、有效磷和微生物生物量碳逐渐增加,而土壤质地逐渐变轻,C/N比逐渐趋向稳定。通过多地点不同时间垦造耕地地力和生产力的对比研究,提出了以下红壤垦造耕地土壤熟化的建议指标:耕作层厚度>15 cm;结构以小块状或团块状为主,>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体>30%;pH>5.5,盐基饱和度大于60%;有机质含量15~20 g/kg,C/N比12~17,H/F大于0.40,腐殖酸/有机质比例为>0.30;有效磷7.5~30 mg/kg,有效钾大于75 mg/kg;微生物生物量碳>75 mg/kg。To understand the evolution law of soil fertility of red soil reclamation land in low hilly area,we studied the soil quality evolution in the process of reclamation,fertilization and maturation from red soil farmland by the method of replacing time with space.The results showed that:the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,water-stable aggregates,available phosphorus and available potassium decreased significantly at the initial stage of reclamation of wasteland red soil because of the mixing of topsoil and subsoil,but with the increase of fertilization and maturation time,the soil acidity decreased gradually,the base saturation,the organic matter and the ratio of humus to organic matter increased;meanwhile,the contents of water-stable aggregates,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and microbial biomass carbon gradually increased,the soil texture gradually became lighter,and the C/N ratio gradually tended to be stable.Based on the comparative study of the soil fertility and productivity of reclamation cultivated land in different places and at different reclamation times,the following indicators are put forward for soil maturation of reclamation cultivated land in red soil hilly area:the thickness of tillage layer is>15 cm;the structure mainly dominated by small block and cluster;the percentage of>0.25 mm water stable aggregates is>30%;the soil pH value is>5.5 the base saturation is>60%;the soil organic matter content ranges from 15 to 20 g/kg with C/N ratio of 12-17,H/F is>0.40,and the ratio of humic acid and organic matter is>0.30;the soil available phosphorus,available potassium,and microbial biomass carbon are 7.5-30 mg/kg,>75 mg/kg,>75 mg/kg,respectively.

关 键 词：垦造耕地 肥力演变 熟化指标 酸度 有机质 C/N 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S156[农业科学—农业基础科学]