钨矿选冶废水的处理与循环利用  

Treatment and Recycling of Tungsten Dressing and Smelting Wastewater

作　　者：孟祥松[1,2] 孙伟[1,2] 高志勇[1,2] 韩海生[1,2] 张晨阳 刘若华[1,2] 陈攀[1,2] 刘润清[1,2] 岳彤[1,2] 王艳秀 亢建华[1,2] 林上勇 景高贵 吴美荣 杨磊 MENG Xiangsong;SUN Wei;GAO Zhiyong;HAN Haisheng;ZHANG Chenyang;LIU Ruohua;CHEN Pan;LIU Runqing;YUE Tong;WANG Yanxiu;KANG Jianhua;LIN Shangyong;JING Gaogui;WU Meirong;YANG Lei(School qf Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中南大学战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《金属矿山》2021年第6期86-97,共12页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2019YFC0408300,2019YFC0408303,2019YFC0408305);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51634009,51804340,52004343);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(编号:2020JJ5736);矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:BGRIMM-KJSKL-2019);湖南省伴生萤石综合回收利用氟化工工程技术研究中心项目(编号:2020TP2006);博新计划项目(编号:BX20200389);博士后面上项目(编号:2020M672513)。

摘　　要：钨矿在选矿和冶炼过程中会产生大量废水,废水中通常含有多种污染物,钨矿选矿废水中的典型污染物有水玻璃、固体悬浮物和COD(化学需氧量)等,钨冶炼废水中的典型污染物有COD、氨氮、氟化物、磷和砷等,因此钨矿选冶废水必须经过处理后才能达标排放或循环利用。其中,COD是钨矿选冶废水中很难去除的污染物,其来源于废水中残留的脂肪酸盐或羟肟酸盐浮选药剂。从环境保护和资源循环利用的角度,结合钨矿选矿和冶炼常用流程,对钨矿选冶废水中典型污染物的去除技术进行了综述,同时对影响废水循环利用的因素进行了讨论。对于钨矿选矿废水,原浆混凝技术由于工艺简单、成本低、可从源头降低尾矿水的COD,应考虑推广应用;同时,应大力发展钨矿选矿厂内各种中矿精矿浓密机溢流水、精矿干燥脱水返回至原浮选流程的实践,此举对原流程浮选指标影响最小,且可节约浮选药剂。对于钨冶炼废水,由于其中含有多种污染物,势必要采用组合工艺处理,而电化学技术由于管理运行方便、能同时处理多种污染物、处理效率高而有望成为钨冶炼废水处理的重要技术。A lot of wastewater with various pollutants was produced in tungsten ore dressing and smelting.Typical pollutants in tungsten dressing wastewater include sodium silicate,solid suspended matters and chemical oxygen demand(COD),while those in tungsten smelting wastewater include COD,ammonia nitrogen,fluoride,phosphorus and arsenic.Among them,COD is a difficult index to be removed from the tungsten dressing wastewater,which mainly comes from the residual fatty acid salt or hydroxamic acid salt flotation agents in the wastewater.The tungsten dressing and smelting wastewater must be treated before it can be discharged or recycled.From the angle of environmental protection and resource recycling and combined with the usual process of tungsten dressing and smelting,this paper reviewed and discussed the removal technology of typical pollutants in tungsten dressing and smelting wastewater and the factors affecting wastewater recycling.For tungsten ore dressing wastewater,slurry coagulation technology should be considered to be popularized because of its simple process,low cost and the ability to reduce COD of tailings water from the source,and at the same time,the practice that overflow water from various medium or concentrates thickeners,or the concentrates dehydrated water in the tungsten dressing plant was recycled to the original flotation process should be vigorously developed,it has the least effect on the original flotation index and can save flotation reagent.For tungsten smelting wastewater,since it contains many pollutants,it must be treated by a combination process.Electrochemical technology is expected to become an important technology for tungsten smelting wastewater treatment due to its convenient operation and management,simultaneous treatment of many pollutants and high treatment efficiency.

关 键 词：钨矿 选矿废水 冶炼废水 典型污染物 去除技术 循环利用 

分 类 号：TD926.5[矿业工程—选矿]