汉语“复合动趋式+宾语”的语序问题  

Word order issues of “verb-compound directional verb” constructions in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：石村广 Ishimura Hiroshi

机构地区：[1]日本中央大学文学院

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2021年第4期44-55,共12页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：本文对现代汉语"复合动趋式+宾语"所构成的前宾式、中宾式、后宾式三种语序进行了探讨,并主张汉代以后发生的"趋向动词致动用法的双音化"促使了以趋向动词为结构重心的中宾式的逐步形成。中宾式是"复合动趋式+宾语"的原型格式,其形成途径与汉藏语研究中的"自动-使动"语态系统有一致性。其他两种语序格式,即前宾式、后宾式都是边缘性形式,它们的语序只有以中宾式为立足点加以分析,才能得到合理的解释。本文的主要目的在于,根据以往的研究成果揭示古代汉语和现代汉语之间的内在联系,从语言类型学的角度找出一条理解复杂语法现象的简单规律,为汉语动趋式研究提出一个新观点。"Verb-compound directional verb"constructions in Chinese can be divided into three types based on the syntactic position of the objective noun:VODC,VDOC and VDCO(V,O,D,C stand for action verb,object,directional verb,and directional complement lai/qu(来/去)respectively).This paper suggests that the VDOC type,i.e.,"na chu yiben shu lai"(take out a book,拿出一本书来)is the most fundamental structure among them,because its causative meaning is considered to be derived from the word order"VD+O",which is meant to intensify the degree of causativity to the object as compared to VOD.This is why the VD compound is usually used as a single caused-motion verb in the sentence.Modern Chinese employs the syntactic strategy of unmarked causative usage to express the prototypical caused motion.The combinational pattern of V and D ought to be described as"D→VD".Its process of producing VD is quite similar to the non-causative/causative alternation in Tibeto-Burman ergative languages.The formation motivation of the other two types,thought to be peripheral constructions,can be explained on the grounds of this unmarked VD construction.And also,our hypothesis makes it possible to interpret the formation of the Ba(把)-construction describing caused motion events.

关 键 词：复趋式 语序 致动用法 双音化 自动-使动 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]