基于GIS的贵州省冬季耕地利用空间分布  

The spatial pattern of winter farmland in Guizhou Province determined using GIS

作　　者：蒲红梅 杨琴 赵正学 赵学春 黄其河 陈玉连 董瑞 陈超[1] 程华 何进 金宝成 PU Hongmei;YANG Qin;ZHAO Zhengxue;ZHAO Xuechun;HUANG Qihe;CHEN Yulian;DONG Rui;CHEN Chao;CHENG Hua;HE Jin;JIN Baocheng(College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Institute of Entomology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学昆虫研究所,贵州贵阳550025 [3]兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第7期1250-1259,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31700390);贵州省基础研究计划(黔科合基础[2019]1074号);贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y074号);贵州大学人才引进项目(贵大人基合字[2016]75号、贵大人基合字[2017]17号);贵州省草地生态畜牧业人才基地开放基金(RCJD2018-13、GZZ2017001、黔科合支撑[2018]2258);中国博士后基金(2017M623278)。

摘　　要：利用调查问卷和地理信息系统获得了贵州61个县(区)冬季耕地利用情况,分析了冬季耕地利用率、利用方式及其影响因素。结果表明:贵州省冬季耕地利用率为46.4%,主要利用方式是种植油菜和其他蔬菜,主要因为它们的种植能够产生较高的直接经济效益。贵州省冬季耕地利用率与务农劳动力投入成正比,务农劳动力的减少,将会造成耕地粗放经营。利用率与温度和降水量等气候因素无关,但根据不同气候条件下耕地利用方式的不同,研究区可划分为东北部白菜区、南部油菜区、温度较低的西北部土豆区、降水量较大的东南部养鱼区。未来应根据不同地区的经济社会、家庭劳动力结构和气候条件推广相应的冬季耕地利用方式,以提高农民收入,促进冬季耕地资源的合理开发利用。Winter farmland utilization in 61 counties within Guizhou Province was determined using a questionnaire survey and GIS technology.The utilization rates,land use practices,and factors influencing winter farmlands were examined.The results revealed that 46.4%of farmland in Guizhou Province was utilized during winter and that the main land uses were the planting of oilseed rape and other vegetables,as these crops can produce higher and direct economic benefits.The extent of Guizhou Province winter farmland utilization was found to be proportional to the available household labor force,and a reduction in labor will probably lead to the extensive management of arable land.There was no significant correlation between land utilization and climatic factors,including temperature,precipitation,altitude,and solar radiation.However,land use methods were found to differ under different climatic conditions.Guizhou Province can be divided into four winter farmland regions,namely the northeast cabbage,south oilseed rape,low-temperature northwest potato,and high-rainfall southeast aquaculture region.In the future,to enhance local farmers'incomes and promote the efficient utilization of winter farmland in Guizhou Province,appropriate agricultural extension measures,determined by local socioeconomic conditions,household labor force structure,and climatic conditions,should be adopted for the four farmland regions of Guizhou Province.

关 键 词：冬闲田 耕地利用方式 耕地利用率 贵州省 家庭劳动力结构 蔬菜 油菜 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]