不同程度退化草地的植被土壤特征及其相互间的关系  

Vegetation and soil characteristics of degraded grassland and their relationship

作　　者：邓燕 李钒 姚树冉 孙颖 解淑斌 李海玲 楚启鹏 马娟 魏茂宏 冉金枝[2] 田斌 邓建明[2] DENG Yan;LI Fan;YAO Shuran;SUN Ying;XIE Shubin;LI Hailing;CHU Qipeng;MA Juan;WEI Maohong;RAN Jinzhi;TIAN Bin;DENG Jianming(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China,National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Faculty of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem/School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Huize County,Huize 654200,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业与草原局西南地区生物多样性保育重点实验室/西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [2]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]会泽县林业和草原局,云南会泽654200

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第7期1260-1269,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32001192、31770430、31700463);科技部基础自然调查重大项目(2019FY102002)。

摘　　要：以云南省会泽县典型亚高山退化草地为研究对象,采用植物群落样方调查,利用非度量多维尺度(non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)等分析方法,对该区域不同退化程度下草地植物群落物种组成与多样性以及土壤理化性质的变异趋势及其内在关联进行了探究。结果表明,草地植物物种多样性指数、盖度和均匀度均随退化程度加剧而增加,但是植物群落中牧草类物种多样性及其比例均呈下降趋势,而毒杂草类植物多样性及其比例则呈上升趋势。整体上中度和重度退化草地的土壤养分含量相比于轻度退化草地的土壤养分含量呈明显下降趋势。在不同退化程度草地群落中,植物物种多样性指数与0–20 cm土层pH均有显著关系(P<0.05),但是影响退化草地植物物种多样性变异的土壤因子组合及其解释率并不一致。本研究初步探讨了我国南方亚高山草地在不同退化程度下的植物群落特征、土壤理化性质及二者间的内在关联,为探究该区域草地退化机制及退化草地的恢复措施提供了科学依据。This study conducted a vegetation quadrat survey of typical degraded subalpine grassland in Huize county,Yunnan Province,and performed multidimensional scale(NMDS)measurement analysis to examine areas at different stages of degradation,grassland plant community species composition and diversity,and trends in the variation of soil physical and chemical properties,and assessed the implications of degradation.The results revealed that although the species diversity index,coverage,and evenness of grassland plants increased with an intensification of degradation,the species diversity and proportion of forage plants in the plant community all showed a decreasing trend,whereas the species diversity and proportion of noxious weeds showed an increasing trend.Overall,the soil nutrient contents of moderately and severely degraded grasslands were significantly lower than those of minimally degraded grasslands.In grassland communities at different stages of degradation,the plant species diversity index was significantly related to pH in the 0-20 cm soil layer(P<0.05),whereas a combination of edaphic factors were found to influence variation in diversity of plant species in degraded grasslands,for which the explanatory rates were inconsistent.Our preliminary findings in this study,with respect to characteristics of the plant community and soil physical and chemical properties of subalpine grassland in southern China at different stages of degradation.and their inter-relationships,will provide a scientific basis for further examination of the mechanisms of grassland degradation,and also contribute to measures for the restoration of degraded grassland in this region.

关 键 词：优势物种 草地退化指数 草地退化 植物群落特征 植物物种组成 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]