宁夏干旱区滴灌条件下燕麦与毛苕子的混播方式  

Evaluation of mixed sowing methods for oats and vetch under drip irrigation in arid areas of Ningxia

作　　者：王斌 李满有 李小云 曹立娟 沈笑天 兰剑[1] 董秀 郜军荣 WANG Bin;LI Manyou;LI Xiaoyun;CAO Lijuan;SHEN Xiaotian;LAN Jian;DONG Xiu;GAO Junrong(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center,Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,Guyuan 756000,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [3]固原市原州区畜牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第7期1329-1338,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500505)。

摘　　要：为探究宁夏干旱地区栽培草地建植中燕麦(Avena sativa)与毛苕子(Vicia villosa)最佳混播方式,采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了滴灌条件下燕麦与毛苕子同行混播(TH)、间行混播(JH)、交叉混播(JC)、条撒混播(TS)、燕麦单播(YD)和毛苕子单播(MD)对牧草农艺性状、种间关系及营养品质的影响,并利用主成分分析方法(PCA)进行综合评价,为提高混播草地饲草供给能力提供理论依据。结果表明,燕麦与毛苕子4种混播方式均显著提高了混播草地牧草产量、改善了牧草品质(P<0.05)。其中,间行混播方式下牧草干草产量达11164.47 kg·hm^(−2),比燕麦、毛苕子单播分别提高了50.76%、47.94%;4种混播方式的相对产量总和(RYT)均大于1,表现为种内竞争强于种间竞争,燕麦和毛苕子具有一定的生态位分化;间行混播牧草相对饲喂价值为124.38,仅低于毛苕子单播的相对饲喂价值。通过PCA综合分析,燕麦与毛苕子间行混播牧草综合性状表现排名第一。因此,燕麦与毛苕子间行混播方式可在宁夏干旱地区滴灌条件下推广应用。In this study,with a view toward improving forage supply capacity,we sought to determine the best mixed sowing method for oats and vetch in arid areas of Ningxia.The study was based on a single-factor randomized block design,and we examined the effects of mixed sowing(inter-row mixed sowing,cross-mixed sowing,strip mixed sowing,oat single sowing,and single sowing)on the agronomic traits,interspecific relationships,and nutritional quality of forage grass under drip irrigation conditions.Comprehensive evaluations were performed using principal component analysis(PCA).The results obtained revealed that the four mixed sowing methods for oats and vetch significantly increased forage yield and improved forage quality(P<0.05).The output of forage hay reached 11164.47 kg·ha^(−1),which is 50.76%and 47.94%higher than that of oats and vetch,respectively.Furthermore,the total relative yields of the four mixed sowing methods were all greater than 1,thereby indicating that intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition.Oats and vetch were found to show a certain niche differentiation.The relative feeding value of interline mixed pasture was 124.38,which was lower only than that of unicast vetch.The findings of PCA analysis revealed that the performance of mixed forage inter-planting with oats and vetch ranked highest.Therefore,we recommend that the inter-row mixed sowing of oats and vetch should be promoted and applied under drip irrigation conditions in the arid regions of Ningxia.

关 键 词：燕麦 毛苕子 混播方式 产量 种间关系 牧草品质 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]