不同品种玉米和甜高粱的产能比较  

Comparison of production capacity of different corn and sorghum varieties for silage

作　　者：刘欢欢 罗伟珊 唐龙[1] 杨培志[1] 呼天明[1] 席杰军[1] LIU Huanhuan;LUO Weishan;TANG Long;YANG Peizhi;HU Tianming;XI Jiejun(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第7期1373-1379,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：陕西省重点产业创新链项目(2020ZDLNY02-05、2019ZDLNY05-01);国家自然科学基金(31402127)。

摘　　要：为推动“粮改饲”,提高种养效益,本研究比较了4个玉米(Zea mays)品种和4个甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种的产能,以期筛选出适合在我国关中地区推广种植的高产优良青贮品种。结果表明,种间或品种间的农艺性状和产能均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中玉米生长期为99~116 d,甜高粱为124~175 d;玉米的叶片数约为14片,甜高粱为8~23片;玉米株高为225.8~281.5 cm,甜高粱为165.3~338.8 cm;玉米青贮产量为40.2~83.9 t·hm^(−2),甜高粱为35.6~125.3 t·hm^(−2);玉米干物质产量为12.0~25.1 t·hm^(−2),甜高粱为10.7~37.7 t·hm^(−2)。产量最高的玉米品种为‘DB08’,甜高粱为‘极光’,比对照籽粒型玉米品种‘强盛58’分别增产了84.5%和211.6%。营养分析发现,玉米和甜高粱的粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分和无氮浸出物等营养物质种间或品种间均存在差异,且各单一最优营养指标并不聚集于同一品种中。综合考虑青贮产量和反刍动物营养需求,本研究建议选择玉米‘DB08’和甜高粱‘极光’作为青贮饲料在关中地区进行推广种植。In order to promote the trial of the“Replace Grain Crop Cultivation with Feed Crop Cultivation”and improve the economic benefits of planting and breeding,eight varieties of maize and sweet sorghum were analyzed for agronomic traits and the yield of whole plant silage to screen out high-yield and excellent silage varieties suitable for planting in the Guanzhong area.The results showed that there were significant differences in agronomic traits and yield among varieties within or between species(P<0.05).The growth period was 99~116 days for maize and 124~175 days or more for sweet sorghum.The number of leaves was approximately 14 for maize and 8~23 for sweet sorghum.The height interval was 225.8~281.5 cm for maize and 165.3~338.8 cm for sweet sorghum.The silage yield was 40.2~83.9 t·ha^(−1) for maize and 35.6~125.3 t·ha^(−1) for sweet sorghum.The dry matter yield was 12.0~25.1 t·ha^(−1) for maize and 10.7~37.7 t·ha^(−1) for sweet sorghum.The variety with the highest yield for corn was‘DB08’,while that for sweet sorghum was‘Aurora’,which increased the yield by 84.5%and 211.6%,respectively,over the yield of the control grain-type corn variety‘Qiangsheng 58’.Further nutritional analysis found that there were significant differences in contents of nutrients such as crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat,ash,and nitrogen-free extract between corn and sweet sorghum species or varieties,and the single optimal nutrient indices did not converge in the same variety.Considering the silage production and the nutritional requirements of ruminants,we suggest that the maize‘DB08’and sweet sorghum‘Aurora’are the most suitable for promotion and planting as silage in the Guanzhong area.

关 键 词：玉米 高粱 农艺性状 产能 青贮 粮改饲 关中地区 

分 类 号：S566.5[农业科学—作物学] S513