2016-2019年山东省莱州市布鲁菌病患者流行特征及影响因素分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of brucellosis patients in Laizhou of Shandong Province, from 2016 to 2019

作　　者：刘涛[1] 郭培军[1] 侯舒婷 刘秀玮 李金萍 Liu Tao;Guo Peijun;Hou Shuting;Liu Xiuwei;Li Jinping(Department of Infectious Disease,Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province,Yantai 264003,China;Department of Infectious Disease,Laizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province,Laizhou 261400,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省烟台市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,264003 [2]山东省莱州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,261400

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2021年第7期573-578,共6页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的了解山东省莱州市布鲁菌病(简称布病)患者流行特征和发病影响因素,为布病防控提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性分析,通过"中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统"收集2016-2019年莱州市布病监测资料及确诊病例流行病学个案调查结果,对布病病例的一般情况、流行病学特征、临床特征等资料进行描述性流行病学分析。利用病例-对照研究方法,选择81例布病确诊病例及与确诊病例同地区、同性别、同年龄组的162例健康人群进行布病发病的影响因素分析。结果2016-2019年莱州市共报告布病确诊病例222例,年均发病率为6.57/10万。布病发病年龄主要为45~59岁,占46.40%(103/222);男女性别比为2.42∶1.00(157∶65);职业分布以农民为主,占95.95%(213/222)。发病时间主要集中在3-7月,占58.11%(129/222);莱州市17个乡镇(街道)均有布病病例报告,发病率前5位的乡镇依次为朱桥镇、沙河镇、土山镇、程郭镇、驿道镇。在222例布病病例中,发病至确诊的时间间隔最短为5 d,最长为36 d,中位数为11 d;病例主要临床表现为发热(89.19%,198/222)、乏力(80.63%,179/222)、关节肌肉酸痛(72.97%,162/222),少数伴有肝、脾及睾丸肿大。logistic回归分析结果显示,接触病畜的尿、粪等排泄物[比值比(OR)=6.244,95%置信区间(CI):1.609~24.231]及家中有人患过布病(OR=16.363,95%CI:2.250~119.023)是布病发病的危险因素。结论莱州市布病发病以45~59岁中年农民为主,春夏季为发病高峰,直接接触病畜排泄物、家中有人患过布病是导致布病发病的危险因素。卫生部门应在布病高发季节、高发地区针对农民开展健康教育工作和行为干预,提高个人防护意识。Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and influential factors of brucellosis patients in Laizhou,Shandong Province,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of brucellosis.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted to collect the surveillance data and epidemiological investigation results of confirmed cases of brucellosis in Laizhou from 2016 to 2019 through the"Infectious Disease Report Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System".The general situation,epidemiological characteristics,and clinical characteristics of brucellosis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Using the case-control study method,81 confirmed cases of brucellosis and 162 healthy people in the same area,same gender and same age as confirmed cases were selected to analyze the influential factors of brucellosis.Results Totally 222 cases of brucellosis had been reported in Laizhou,with an average annual incidence of 6.57/100000.The onset age of brucellosis was mainly from 45 to 59 years old,accounting for 46.40%(103/222);male-to-female ratio was 2.42∶1.00(157∶65);the occupation distribution was mainly farmer,accounting for 95.95%(213/222).The onset time of brucellosis was mainly from March to July,accounting for 58.11%(129/222).Cases of brucellosis were reported in 17 townships(streets)of Laizhou,and the top five townships were Zhuqiao,Shahe,Tushan,Chengguo and Yidao towns in order of incidence.Among 222 cases of brucellosis,the shortest interval from onset to diagnosis was 5 d,the longest was 36 d,and the median was 11 d.The main clinical manifestations of the patients were fever(89.19%,198/222),fatigue(80.63%,179/222),joint muscle soreness(72.97%,162/222),and a few accompanied by liver,spleen and testis enlargement.The logistic regression analysis showed that contact with urine,feces and other excrements of diseased animals[odds ratio(OR)=6.244,95%confidence interval(CI):1.609-24.231]and family members suffering from brucellosis(OR=16.363,95%CI:2.250-119.

关 键 词：布鲁杆菌病 流行病学 危险因素 

分 类 号：R516.7[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]