三种风险评估模型在玻璃钢风机制造企业的应用  

Application of three models of risk assessment to fiber reinforced plastics draught fan enterprise

作　　者：张士怀[1] 张普 陶玲[1] 冯斌[1] 门金龙[1] 张海东[1] 王辉[1] ZHANG Shi-huai;ZHANG Pu;TAO Ling;FENG Bin;MEN Jin-long;ZHANG Hai-dong;WANG Hui(Monitoring and Evalution Center,Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院检测评价中心,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东济南250002

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2021年第4期265-269,273,共6页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2015GSF118154);山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2016WS0542)。

摘　　要：目的对玻璃钢风机制造企业化学毒物进行职业健康风险评估,比较不同评估方法的差异,为风险管理提供科学依据。方法以山东省某玻璃钢风机制造企业为研究对象,对其进行职业卫生现场调查,检测工作场所空气中化学危害因素水平,采用新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险(MOM)模型、国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估指南(ICMM)和综合指数法对其工作场所化学毒物进行职业健康风险评估,对比分析3种方法的结果。结果该玻璃钢风机制造企业工作场所主要存在苯乙烯、丙酮、玻璃棉粉尘、玻璃钢粉尘的危害。其中糊制岗位苯乙烯时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)超标率为100%,修补岗位玻璃钢粉尘CTWA超标率为66.7%。MOM模型评估结果显示,接触苯乙烯岗位风险值为2~3,丙酮岗位风险值均为1,粉尘岗位风险值均为3。ICMM模型定量法显示,接触苯乙烯岗位风险值为36~10000,为高风险;糊制岗位接触苯乙烯和修补岗位接触玻璃钢粉尘风险等级为不可容忍风险,材料混合岗位接触苯乙烯风险等级为高风险。ICMM模型矩阵法显示,糊制岗位接触苯乙烯和修补岗位接触玻璃钢粉尘风险等级为高风险;综合指数法评估结果显示,接触苯乙烯岗位和粉尘岗位风险指数均为3;接触丙酮岗位风险指数均为2。结论MOM模型、ICMM模型和综合指数法均可评估和预测玻璃钢冷却风机制造企业各岗位的职业健康风险水平,风险评估结果基本一致。综合指数法能够更加全面、准确地测评作业人员接触化学有害因素的职业健康风险水平。Objective To assess the health risk for chemical poisons in a fiber reinforced plastics draught fan enterprise and compare the differences of another two assessment methods for offering a scientific basis of risk management.Methods A fiber reinforced plastics draught fan enterprise in Shandong was selected to conduct occupational health field investigation,and the level of chemical hazards in the air of the workplace were measured.MOM model and ICMM model were employed to assess the occupational risk,then the results were compared.Results The chemical hazards in the enterprise mainly included styrene,acetone,fibrous glass dust,fiberglass reinforced plastic dust.The time weighted average concentration(CTWA)of styrene in pasting position exceeded the standard at 100%,CTWA of fiberglass reinforced plastic dust in repairing position exceeded the standard at 66.7%.The results of MOM model showed that the risk value of positions exposed to styrene were at 2-3,which were at 1 and 3 for positions exposed to acetone and dust respectively.According to the quantitative method in ICMM model,the risk value of position exposed to styrene were at 36-10000.The exposure of styrene in pasting position and fiberglass reinforced plastic dust in repairing position were at intolerable risk,and the exposure to styrene in material mixing position were at high risk.On the other hand,according to the matrix method in ICMM model,the risk level of exposure to styrene in pasting position and fiberglass reinforced plastic dust in repairing position were high.Assessed by composite index method,the risk index of positions exposed to styrene and dust were both at 3,which were at 2 for positions exposed to acetone.Conclusions MOM model,ICMM model and composite index method can easily access and predict the occupational health risk of various positions in fiber reinforced plastics draught fan enterprise,the risk assessment results of the three methods are basically identical.However,comprehensive index model can be more comprehensive and accurate

关 键 词：玻璃钢 职业健康 风险评估 新加坡风险评估模型 国际采矿与金属委员会风险评估模型 综合指数法 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]