金属制造业不良工效学因素致肌肉骨骼损伤影响分析  

Influence of adverse ergonomic factors on musculoskeletal injury in metal manufacturing industry

作　　者：冯简青[1] 刘新霞[1] 刘浩中 FENG Jian-qing;LIU Xin-xia;LIU Hao-zhong(Occupational Disease Control Institute,Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan,528400,China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所,广东中山528400

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2021年第4期270-273,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中山市社会公益科技研究项目(2019B1108)。

摘　　要：目的调查金属制造业不良工效学因素导致的工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病(WMSDs)的现状,为提高金属制造业人群预防和控制WMSDs相关疾病的能力提供依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择9家金属制造企业的896名一线生产工人为研究对象。采用自行设计的问卷,调查其基本情况和工作过程中的工效学等情况;参考北欧版肌肉骨骼问卷"肌肉骨骼疾患调查表"调查其近1 a内WMSDs情况。结果不同部位WMSDs的检出率排前3位的依次是腰部(26.3%)、颈部(25.6%)和肩部(19.4%),最低是肘部(8.3%)。钳工WMSDs检出率最高(63.0%),清洗岗位最低(12.2%);不同工种的WMSDs检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,企业规模、工龄、搬运重物时使用辅助工具、搬运重物时屈膝直腰,以及工作态度均是WMSDs的独立影响因素。结论金属制造人员WMSDs的发生可能与不良工效学因素、心理状态等因素有关,应根据工人的作业方式特点进行相关干预,做好WMSDs的职业健康教育与健康促进工作,减少工人的职业性WMSDs发病率。Objective To investigate the status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)due to adverse ergonomic factors in metal manufacturing,and provide scientific basis for improving the ability of metal manufacturing population to prevent and control WMSDs.Methods A total of 896 workers from 9 metal manufacturing enterprises were selected as study subjects using convenient sampling.The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information and the ergonomics in the work process.The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs.Results The top four prevalences of WMSDs in the past year was waist(26.3%),neck(25.6%),shoulder(19.4%),and elbow(8.3%).Locksmith has the highest prevalence of WMSDs(63.0%),and the lowest prevalence of cleaning post(12.2%).The comparison of the prevalence of WMSDs in different jobs showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the size of the enterprise,length of service,use of auxiliary tools when carrying heavy objects,bending knees and straightening waist when carrying heavy objects,and working attitude were all independent influencing factors of WMSDs.Conclusions Metal manufacturing workers of WMSDs may be related to adverse ergonomic factors,psychological state,etc.Good job of occupational health education and health promotion of WMSDs intervention should be based on the practices of the workers and characteristics in order to reduce the risk of occupational musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

关 键 词：工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病 金属制造业 影响因素 不良工效学因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]