百年来中国共产党的少数民族民生实践历程与经验启示  

The Communist Party of China’s Efforts in One Hundred Years for Well-Being of Ethnic Minorities:Stages,Experience and Implications

作　　者：蒋彬[1] 王胡林 Jiang Bin;Wang Hulin

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学民族学与社会学学院,成都市610041 [2]中共成都市委党校,成都市610041

出　　处：《民族研究》2021年第2期1-19,M0002,共20页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：西南民族大学民族学学科建设专项经费资助。

摘　　要：中国共产党成立100年来.对少数民族民生问题进行了一系列的实践探索,具体可以分为四个阶段:新民主主义革命时期的起步探索阶段,其民生实践是以土地革命为基本内容,涉及教育、卫生、救济等方面;社会主义革命和建设时期的逐渐成型阶段,其民生实践主要体现在安定社会秩序、改进生产、发展基本公共服务等方面;改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的发展完善阶段,其民生实践主要是以提高少数民族群众收入,推动基本公共服务均等化为主,同时强化民生领域的专项政策支持;中国特色社会主义新时代的优化提升阶段,其民生实践以脱贫攻坚为牵引,以提升民生质效为导向,实现在更高层次上保障和改善民生。总结百年来中国共产党的少数民族民生实践经验,坚持党的领导是少数民族民生改善的核心要义,永葆初心使命是少数民族民生改善的执政本色,强化法治保障是少数民族民生改善的根本保证,加强制度建设是少数民族民生改善的实践前提,重视组织建设是少数民族民生改善的重要基础。同时,党对民生问题的认识与实践是伴随着不同历史时期的主要任务和客观环境不断发展、深化和创新的,民生的宽度、广度也在不断拓展,体现了党的民族政策的一脉相承和与时俱进,体现了中国共产党以民为本、人民至上的执政理念。In the 100 years since the Communist Party of China’s founding,the Party has been keeping practicing and exploring for the improvement of the ethnic minorities’ wellbeing.The course can be divided into the following four stages.During the first stage of the New Democratic Revolution,the practiced and exploration stage for the improvement of the people’s well-being,CPC took the Agrarian Revolution as its main task,involving education,health-care services,relief,etc.In the following period of the socialist revolution and construction,the work focused on maintaining public order,improving productivity and basic public services.When China entered the stage of reform and opening up,and socialist modernization,CPC put improvement of the people’s well-being as its core mission.The work highlighted on raising ethnic minorities’ incomes,ensuring their equitable access to basic public services and enhancing special policies on their livelihood.As China ushers in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,CPC pursues ethnic minorities’ well-being with higher standards,at the heart of which is poverty alleviation,with developing quality and efficiency as the overarching goal.In retrospect,CPC’s success in ethnic minorities’ well-being work in the past 100 years is the results of the strong leadership of the CPC,remaining true to its original aspiration and keeping its mission firmly in mind,improving mechanisms for law-based well-being,and strengthening Party organizations.Meanwhile,aligning itself with priorities and environment in different historical stages,CPC evolves its perceptions of the well-being and thus the practice is also adjusted,which lead to an increasingly wider scope of well-being.Such is a manifestation that CPC maintains consistency in its policies concerning ethnic minorities,and keeps abreast with the times.This also embodies CPC’s people-oriented and people-first governance principles.These endeavors,thereby steadily enhance the sense of community for the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：中国共产党 建党100周年 少数民族民生 保障和改善民生 

分 类 号：D633[政治法律—政治学]