基于里德堡原子的微波传感与通信  

Rydberg atom based microwave sensing and communication

作　　者：廖开宇 涂海涛 张新定[1] 颜辉[1] 朱诗亮[1] LIAO KaiYu;TU HaiTao;ZHANG XinDing;YAN Hui;ZHU ShiLiang(Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement,Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials,School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省量子精密测量工程技术研究中心,广东省量子调控工程与材料重点实验室,华南师范大学物理与电信工程学院,广州510006

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2021年第7期3-16,共14页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:91636218,11804104);广东省重点领域研发计划(编号:2019B030330001);广州市科技计划(编号:201804020055,20190202-0002)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着国际单位制(SI)基本单位的全面重新定义,经典实物基准逐步被以量子物理为基础的自然基准取代.由于原子体系具有可复现、精确、稳定等特点,基于原子体系已经衍生了很多的量子计量新技术.里德堡原子具有极强的微波跃迁电偶极矩和极化率,对外界电磁场非常敏感,利用原子量子相干效应可实现超宽频段电磁场的高精度高灵敏度测量.尤其对于频率高于1 GHz的微波,利用里德堡原子建立微波量子基准的研究正在稳步推进.此外,全光学材质且超宽频段的原子天线在航空航天、军事通信等领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文回顾了基于里德堡原子的微波传感和通信研究,详细介绍了其在微波电场强度量子基准、相干探测、光载无线通信和数字通信等方面的相关进展,讨论了其应用前景及今后可能的发展方向.With the overall redefinition of the international system of units(SI), the classical physical standards are gradually replaced by the natural standards based on quantum physics. Due to the reproducibility, accuracy and stability of atomic system,many new technologies of quantum precision measurement have been developed based on the atomic systems. Rydberg atoms are very sensitive to external electromagnetic fields because of their large MW transition dipole moment and polarizability. With the atomic coherence effect, the ultra wideband electric field can be measured with high precision and high sensitivity. Especially for the microwave range whose frequency is higher than 1 GHz, the research of establishing microwave quantum standard is advancing steadily. In addition, all optical materials and ultra wide band atomic antenna have a wide range of applications in aerospace, military communications and other fields. In this paper, we review the researches of microwave sensing and communication based on Rydberg atoms, and introduce the progress in the quantum standard of microwave electric field strength, coherent detection, radio-over-fiber, digital communication, etc., and discuss the possible applications and research frontiers in this rapid developing field.

关 键 词：微波计量 原子天线 里德堡原子 量子精密测量 

分 类 号：O562[理学—原子与分子物理]