小型化量子重力仪高精度重力测量  

High-accuracy gravity measurement with miniaturized quantum gravimeter

作　　者：翁堪兴 周寅 朱栋 王凯楠 吴彬[1] 程冰 林强[1] WENG KanXing;ZHOU Yin;ZHU Dong;WANG KaiNan;WU Bin;CHENG Bing;LIN Qiang(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement,College of Science,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学理学院,浙江省量子精密测量重点实验室,杭州310023

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2021年第7期36-49,共14页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：远洋航路搭载测量与保障技术研究及应用试验(编号:DD20191004);国家自然科学基金(编号:61727821);国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFC0601602)资助项目。

摘　　要：重力场是地球的一个基本物理场,它携带和反映了地球的诸多信息,对基础研究和实际应用都非常重要.由于地球重力场是随空间、时间变化的,需要可移动的高精度重力仪进行测量.量子重力仪是近年发展起来的一种基于原子干涉的新型高精度重力测量设备.和传统重力仪相比,量子重力仪具有更好的稳定性和准确性,可以精密地勘测地球的重力场分布.本文对量子重力仪的基本原理、实验及其应用进行了综述,主要包括国内外小型化量子重力仪方面的最新研究成果;介绍了小型化量子重力仪的基本原理、小型化量子仪核心单元(真空系统、光路系统、隔振系统和野外测量保障系统)的研制以及在重力比对、地震监测和重力场测绘等领域的应用.最后,本文介绍了量子重力仪的精度限制因素(拉曼相位噪声、振动噪声和探测噪声)以及在其他基础物理研究领域(万有引力常数测量和弱等效原理检验)的应用.量子重力仪作为量子传感器中较为成熟的技术,尤其在动态测量方面表现出明显的优势.未来,随着量子重力仪的不断发展,还可能在地球物理、资源探勘、惯性导航和太空重力观测等领域发挥重要作用.Gravity field is a basic physical field of the Earth.It carries and reflects much information of the Earth,which is very important for fundamental research and practical application.Since the earth’s gravity field changes with space and time,it needs to be measured by a mobile high-precision gravimeter.Quantum gravimeter is a new type of high-precision gravity measurement device developed in recent years and is based on atomic interference technology.Compared with traditional gravimeters,quantum gravimeters have better stability and accuracy,and can accurately survey the Earth’s gravitational field distribution.In this paper,the basic principle,experiment and application of quantum gravimeter are summarized,including the latest research results in the development and application of miniaturized quantum gravimeter at home and abroad;the basic principle of miniaturized quantum gravimeter,the development of core unit of miniaturized quantum gravimeter(such as vacuum chamber,laser system,vibration isolation system and measurement supporting system)and its application in gravity comparison,earthquake monitoring and gravity field mapping are introduced.Finally,the accuracy limitations of quantum gravimeter(such as Raman phase noise,vibration noise and detection noise)and the other fundmetal applications(measurement of Newton’s gravitational constant,weak equivalence principle)are presented.As a relatively mature technology in quantum sensors,quantum gravimeters show obvious advantages especially in dynamic measurement.In the future,with the development and maturity of miniaturized quantum gravimeters,it may also play an important role in geophysics,resource exploration,inertial navigation,and space gravity observation.

关 键 词：重力场 量子重力仪 精密测量 

分 类 号：P223[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]