A Zooarchaeological Study on the Origins of Animal Domestication in Ancient China  

中国古代家养动物起源的动物考古学研究

作　　者：YUAN Jing 袁靖(Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710,China)

机构地区：[1]Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China [2]Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710,China

出　　处：《Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology》2021年第1期1-26,共26页中国科学技术史（英文）

摘　　要：A series of criteria such as morphological metrics, pathology, age structure, sex ratios, relative proportions, archaeological phenomena, diet analysis, and DNA studies are established for identifying the origins of domestic animals in ancient China in a scientific way. Using these criteria, it is established that the earliest domestic dog has been found in southern Hebei Province(ca. 10,000 BP), and the earliest domestic pig in southern Henan Province(ca. 9000 BP). Domestic sheep have been found in the Gansu–Qinghai region dating from 5600–5000 BP, and domestic cattle in eastern Gansu Province(ca. 5000 BP). Domestic horses from the period 4000–3600 BP have been discovered in eastern Gansu, and domestic chickens have been identified from sites in eastern Henan Province dating to ca. 3300 BP. Although the locations and time of the origins of animal domestication vary, they are mostly located in northern China.通过确立科学判断中国古代家养动物起源的系列依据(如形体测量、病理现象、年龄结构、性别比例、数量比例、考古现象、食性分析和DNA研究),可以断定:距今约10000年,在河北省南部出现狗;距今约9000年,在河南省南部出现猪;距今约5600~5000年,在甘青地区出现绵羊;距今约5000年,在甘肃省东部出现黄牛;距今约4000~3600年,在甘肃省东部出现马;距今约3300年,在河南省东部出现鸡。这些家养动物分别起源或出现于不同的时间和不同的地点,但基本上都位于中国的北方地区。

关 键 词：ZOOARCHAEOLOGY identification criteria dog pig sheep CATTLE HORSE CHICKEN 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]