基于红外相机调查的北京松山国家级自然保护区哺乳动物分布和日活动节律分析  

Camera Trapping Based Distribution and Daily Activity Rhythm of Wild Mammalsin the Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve

作　　者：蒋健 巨龙飞 范雅倩 张洪亮 宋泽 鲍伟东[2] JIANG Jian;JU Longfei;FAN Yaqian;ZHANG Hongliang;SONG Ze;BAO Weidong(Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve Administration, Beijing 102115, China;College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]北京松山国家级自然保护区管理处,北京102115 [2]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《四川动物》2021年第4期374-382,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目:冬奥北京山地赛区生态环境保护与跟踪评价(Z181100005318004);北京松山自然保护区珍稀哺乳动物保护监测项目(2017004)。

摘　　要：北京松山国家级自然保护区外围被规划建设为2022年冬季奥运会高山滑雪中心,为了解场地建设施工对野生动物产生的干扰影响,2017年借助红外相机技术对保护区主要哺乳动物分布与种群相对数量本底进行调查。结果显示,在99个红外相机位点拍摄到哺乳动物3目10科14种,在新划入保护区的玉渡山区域发现中华斑羚Naemorhedus griseus,扩大了这一珍稀物种的栖息地范围。野猪Sus scrofa的分布仍以松山区域居多,与潜在食物来源丰富有关。猪獾Arctonyx collaris的分布与相对数量(RAI=6.88)高于狗獾Meles leucurus(RAI=2.48)。黄鼬Mustela sibirica和蒙古兔Lepus tolai的相对多度指数偏低,显示种群数量较少。通过与2013年的调查数据进行日活动节律叠加分析,发现豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis、狗獾、猪獾、野猪、北花松鼠Tamias sibiricus、岩松鼠Sciurotamias davidianus的日活动节律具有显著差异(P<0.01),表明冬奥会场地建设对野生动物的行为节律产生了影响。本次调查对主要哺乳动物种类进行了监测,为后续开展长期跟踪,评估冬奥会场地施工和场馆运营产生的影响提供了本底资料。The alpine skiing center of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games was planned to be constructed around the Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Therefore,it is important to understand the wildlife dynamics for landscape transformation.In this study,camera trapping survey was carried out to investigate the distribution and population abundance of the major wild mammal species in 2017.The results showed that 14 species of wild mammals belongs to 10 families and 3 orders were recorded.The classⅡnationally key protected species,Chinese goral(Naemorhedus griseus),was detected in Yudushan area,indicating the habitat expansion of this species.Wild boars(Sus scrofa)were still abundant in Songshan area due to the relatively high food supplement.Hog badgers(Arctonyx collaris)had a larger population size(RAI=6.88)than Asian badgers(Meles leucurus)(RAI=2.48).Weasels(Mustela sibirica)and hares(Lepus tolai)were recorded less by camera traps,indicating low relative abundance of them.Comparing with the survey data in 2013,the daily activity rhythm of leopard cats(Prionailurus bengalensis),M.leucurus,A.collaris,S.scrofa,Siberian chipmunks(Tamias sibiricus)and Pére Darid’s rock squirrels(Sciurotamias davidianus)were significantly different(P<0.01).This indicated that the building construction of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games had an impact on the behaviors of wildlife.This study made a primary population survey on major mammal species,and supplied basic information for further monitoring.

关 键 词：2022年冬季奥运会 相对多度指数 日活动节律 有蹄类动物 捕食动物 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]