圈养华南虎春季夜间行为差异  

Behavioral Difference of Captive South China Tigers During Spring Night

作　　者：张凤伟 施伟斌 马敬华 张先福 鲁庆斌 ZHANG Fengwei;SHI Weibin;MA Jinghua;ZHANG Xianfu;LU Qingbin(College of Animal Sci-Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Hangzhou 311300, China;Hangzhou Safari Park, Hangzhou 310000, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学动物科技学院-动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程实验室,杭州311300 [2]杭州野生动物世界,杭州310000

出　　处：《四川动物》2021年第4期424-430,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：圈养华南虎繁殖相关关键技术研究项目(H20170184);浙江省临安区政府支持项目(L20170203)。

摘　　要：2019年3—5月,采用目标动物取样法对杭州野生动物世界的7只华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis(2雌5雄)的夜间行为进行了观测研究。结果显示,华南虎的主要夜间行为有休息(74.40%±2.44%)、移动(9.23%±2.23%)、舔舐(5.67%±0.97%)和观望(4.98%±1.29%);次要行为有翻身(4.17%±0.80%)、取食(0.70%±0.28%)、尿频(0.27%±0.18%)、嗅闻(0.20%±0.10%)、排遗(0.18%±0.06%)、抓刨(0.13%±0.07%)和吼叫(0.07%±0.08%)。雌雄虎翻身和观望行为的时间分配和节律都存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著的差异(P<0.01),说明雄虎还保持一定的野性,具有更高的警惕性,而雌虎的驯化程度较高。其次,雌虎的尿频时间分配极显著高于雄虎(P<0.01),说明雌虎处于发情期,自发产生性吸引的气味。总之,受圈养空间的限制和稳定的饲养环境的影响,华南虎逐渐丧失了警惕性和野性,行为多样性降低。Behaviors of 7 captive South China tigers(Panthera tigris amoyensis)(2 females and 5 males)were observed at the Hangzhou Safari Park from March to May,2019.The focal-animal sampling methods were used to study their behavior time distribution and rhythm during spring night.The results showed that the main nocturnal behaviors of the tigers were resting(74.40%±2.44%),moving(9.23%±2.23%),licking(5.67%±0.97%)and watching(4.98%±1.29%),and the secondary behaviors were turning over(4.17%±0.80%),feeding(0.70%±0.28%),frequent urination(0.27%±0.18%),sniffing(0.20%±0.10%),defecation(0.18%±0.06%),grabbing(0.13%±0.07%)and roaring(0.07%±0.08%).Most of the behaviors between male and female tigers were similar,but the behavior time distribution and the rhythms of turning over and watching were significantly different(P<0.05 or P<0.01).These findings indicated that the males still maintained a certain wildness and had higher vigilance,while the females had higher degree of domestication.Moreover,the urination behavior frequency of the females was significantly higher than that of males,and this indicated that the females were in estrus and spontaneously produced the odor of sexual attraction.In short,due to the limitation of captive space and the influence of stable breeding environment,the South China tigers gradually lost the vigilance and wildness,and this may further result in the reduction of behavior diversity.

关 键 词：华南虎 夜间行为 警惕性 雌雄差异 行为多样性 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学]