国民党与地方派系关系演变及对大陆政策的影响  

The Evolution of Relations between the Kuomintang and Local Factions and Its Influence on the Mainland Policy

作　　者：吴心喆 Wu Xinzhe(School of government,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《台海研究》2021年第2期74-82,共9页Cross-Taiwan Strait Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"台湾地区民众中国认同的影响因素与强化机制研究"(项目编号:15CZZ012)成果。

摘　　要：本文阐述了从1949年后到近期国民党与地方派系的关系,并提出了原有国民党恩庇侍从体系解构后对两岸关系产生的严重影响。"两蒋时期"的国民党通过掌握岛内的地方派系来建构国民党对于台湾地区的"统治正当性",同时也形成了国民党与地方派系长期的恩庇侍从体系。在"两蒋时期",地方派系是国民党的"家臣",地方派系只能直接听命于国民党中央。李登辉执政时期,国民党仍可透过党营事业确保地方派系成为国民党的选举辅助机器。马英九执政时期,国民党中央与地方派系发生冲突,最后使国民党失去了对地方派系的控制。到了"后马英九"时期,国民党改由地方派系主导。由于地方派系仅以自身利益及生存为基础,这也导致国民党在大陆政策上摇摆不定,只有与大陆往来比较密切的地方派系还能坚持"一个中国"的论述。未来国民党应摆脱地方派系联盟的形态,在两岸政策上回到"一个中国"的正轨,而非因选票或利益而动摇"九二共识"的立场。This paper expounds the relations between the Kuomintang(KMT) and local factions from 1949 to the recent period, as well as the serious impact on cross-Strait relations of the deconstruction of the original KMT patron-client system.KMT legalized its rule over Taiwan by controlling the local factions in the island during the "Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo period",and also formed the long-term patron-client system with the local factions whom, during this period, were KMT’s vassals and could only take orders directly from the Party Central Committee of Kuomintang.During Lee Teng-hui’s reign, KMT could still make the local factions its electoral auxiliary machines through the ruling-party-linked economic business.During Ma Ying-jeou’s administration, the party central committee of KMT clashed with – and thus lost control of--the local factions.In the "post-Ma Ying-jeou" period, KMT was dominated by local factions.The local factions only aim at their own interests and survival, which results in the KMT’s wavering policy on the mainland.Only those local factions with close contacts with the mainland can still insist on the one-China principle.In the future, KMT should get rid of the form of local factional alliance and return to the track of "one-China" in cross-Strait policy, rather than violate "1992 Consensus" for votes or interests.

关 键 词：恩庇侍从体系 国民党地方派系 两岸政策 

分 类 号：D618[政治法律—政治学]