成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白基因系统的发展及应用研究进展  

Research advances on the development and application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein system

作　　者：谭晶洁 彭毅志 黄广涛 Tan Jingjie;Peng Yizhi;Huang Guangtao(Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563003,China;State Key Laboratory of Trauma,Burns and Combined Injury,Institute of Burn Research,the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University(the Third Military Medical University),Chongqing 400038,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学附属医院烧伤整形外科,563003 [2]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院全军烧伤研究所,创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室,重庆400038

出　　处：《中华烧伤杂志》2021年第7期681-687,共7页Chinese Journal of Burns

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金 (81801916,81960353);贵州省科技计划 (黔科合支撑〔2020〕4Y003号)。

摘　　要：成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白基因(CRISPR/Cas)系统,作为一种新兴的基因编辑系统,根据Cas蛋白的数量可分为一类系统和二类系统。二类系统中的CRISPR/Cas9仅借助Cas9蛋白和单链向导RNA即可对目标核酸进行切割,是目前应用最为广泛的CRISPR/Cas系统。除了基因编辑在遗传病治疗中的应用,CRISPR/Cas系统衍生出的多种技术在疾病相关基因的筛查、基因表达调控、病原微生物的快速检测和防治等领域也展现了巨大的应用前景。本文就CRISPR/Cas系统的发现历程及其衍生的几个主要技术的应用进行总结,旨在为生命科学领域研究人员提供参考。Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas)protein system,as an emerging gene editing system,can be divided into class 1 and class 2 systems according to the number of Cas protein.The CRISPR/Cas9 in class 2 system can cleave target nucleic acid only with the help of Cas9 protein and single-stranded guide RNA,which is currently the most widely used CRISPR/Cas system.In addition to gene editing in the treatment of genetic diseases,a variety of CRISPR/Cas system derived technologies have vast application prospect in the fields of disease-related gene screening,gene expression regulation,and rapid detection,prevention,and control of pathogens.This article summarizes the discovery process of CRISPR/Cas system and applications of several major CRISPR/Cas derived technologies,aiming to provide a reference for researchers in the field of life science.

关 键 词：基因 成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白基因系统 基因编辑 衍生技术 

分 类 号：R644[医药卫生—外科学] R749.4[医药卫生—临床医学]