与网筛孔径相关的小型底栖动物群落特征——以砂质潮间带为例  

The Community Features of Meiofauna in Relation to Sieve Mesh Size--A case study of sandy beach

作　　者：张德梅 李佳[1,2] 华尔 Zhang Demei;Li Jia;Hua Er(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;Alashan Ecology and Environment Bureau, Alaxa 750306, China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟生态环境局,内蒙古阿拉善750306

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第9期33-44,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41976100,40906063)资助。

摘　　要：于2010年7、10月和2011年1、4月,在青岛第二海水浴场和仰口海水浴场采集小型底栖动物样品,使用500、250、125、63、31μm等五个孔径的套筛对小型底栖动物样品进行分选,探讨不同大小的小型底栖动物丰度、群落结构特征和季节动态,以及影响其特征和动态的主要环境因素。两处砂质潮间带共鉴定11个小型底栖动物类群,优势类群为海洋线虫和底栖桡足类,分别占总丰度的86.34%和11.58%。第二海水浴场小型底栖动物的年平均丰度为(2069.2±429.4)个/10 cm2,仰口海水浴场为(1324.8±179.1)个/10 cm2,年平均丰度及类群组成在两处沙滩间存在显著差异。沉积物中值粒径及有机质含量、脱镁叶绿酸质量比是引起研究沙滩小型底栖动物丰度和类群组成差异的重要因素。按大小,研究沙滩小型底栖动物以63和125μm级为主,占总丰度的70.1%,其中63μm级小型底栖动物丰度最高(42.0%)。同时,两处沙滩不同大小的海洋线虫丰度存在显著的差异,第二海水浴场63μm级海洋线虫丰度最高,仰口海水浴场125μm级线虫丰度最高。线虫丰度的分级特征可以反映沉积物颗粒构成。根据小型底栖动物类群组成,可划分3组:500μm组、125和250μm组、63和31μm组,组间存在显著差异。其中,仰口海水浴场类群组成的组间差异较第二海水浴场更为明显。不同大小的小型底栖动物丰度也存在显著的季节差异。1、4和7月63μm级小型底栖动物总丰度最高。但是,10月,第二海水浴场125μm级桡足类丰度和仰口浴场125μm级线虫丰度增加,导致125μm级小型底栖动物总丰度最高。大个体线虫丰度的增加可能是对脱镁叶绿酸质量比代表的食物资源增加的反馈。不同大小的海洋线虫丰度能否有效指示栖息地的沉积环境特征仍需要大量的研究予以证实。Meiofaunal samples were collected at the Second Bathing Beach and Yangkou Bathing Beach of Qingdao in July,October 2010 and January,April 2011,and were extracted using 5 mesh sizes(31,63,125,250,and 500μm).It aimed to explore the abundance and community structure of meiofauna community over different size range,and explore the main environmental factors affecting the community characteristics and seasonal variations.A total of 11 meiofauna taxa were identified at the two study beaches.The most dominant group was free-living marine nematode(86.34%),followed by benthic copepod(11.58%).At the Second Bathing Beach and Yangkou Bathing Beach,the average meiofaunal abundance was(2069.2±429.4)ind./10 cm2 and(1077.3±179.1)ind./10 cm2 respectively.The average abundance and meiofaunal community composition differed significantly between the two beaches,which were mainly affected by the sediment medium grain size(MDΦ),organic matter content(OM),and the sediment phaeophorbide concentration(Pha).According to the body size,meiofauna were most abundant in the 63 and 125μm mesh size samples,accounting for 70.1%of the total abundance,of which the meiofauna retained by the 63μm mesh size was observed with the highest abundance(42.0%).However,nematode abundance showed significant variations over the size range at the study beaches.At the Second Bathing beach,the abundance of nematodes in 63μm class was the highest,while the highest abundance was observed in the 125μm class nematodes at the Yangkou Bathing beach.The differences of sediment particle composition could be understood by the abundance of nematodes over different size range.The meiofaunal community composition differed significantly among three mesh size categories 500μm class,125 and 250μm class,63 and 31μm class.The differences among the three mesh size categories were more obvious at the Yangkou Bathing Beach.At the same time,meiofaunal abundance over the size range also showed significant seasonal variations at both beaches.In January,April and July,the tota

关 键 词：小型底栖动物 丰度 类群组成 网筛孔径 砂质潮间带 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学] Q145[生物学—普通生物学]