莱州湾芙蓉岛海域不同材质鱼礁生物附着效果的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Bio-Attachment Effect of Reefs Constructed with Different Materials Near Furong Island,Laizhou Bay

作　　者：詹启鹏 董建宇 孙昕 张宇洋 李文涛[1] 张沛东[1] 张秀梅 Zhan Qipeng;Dong Jianyu;Sun Xin;Zhang Yuyang;Li Wentao;Zhang Peidong;Zhang Xiumei(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China;College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第9期124-134,共11页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室重大科技专项(2018SDKJ0501-4);国家重点研究发展计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2019YFD0901303)资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同材质人工鱼礁的附着效果,本研究选用玄武岩纤维(BF)、普通硅酸盐水泥(PC)、40%贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥(PF)和80%贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥(PE)4种礁体材料进行了海上挂板试验。挂板117 d后,在礁体上共鉴定出附着生物35种,其中内刺盘管虫(Hydroides ezoensis)为绝对优势种。在附着的生物种类方面PF>PE>PC>BF(分别为27、26、15和11种);在附着的总生物量方面PE>PF>PC>BF。Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)表现为PE>PF>PC>BF;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)表现为PF>PE>PC>BF;Pielou均匀度指数(J)表现为PF>PC>PE>BF。添加贝壳粉的硅酸盐水泥挂板生物附着效果较好,优于普通硅酸盐水泥,适宜作为芙蓉岛海域海洋牧场人工鱼礁的礁体材料;而表面光滑的玄武岩纤维挂板生物附着效果较差,礁体表面制作工艺有待进一步研发。本研究中盘管虫属(Hydroides)与生物数量、附着厚度以及附着生物的物种数、多样性指数、总生物量都呈显著正相关(P<0.05),盘管虫属生物的率先附着增加了鱼礁表面的空间异质性,这对于其他物种附着和生物多样性的增加发挥了积极的生态作用。本研究结果为莱州湾海域附着生物多样性的分析和人工鱼礁适宜材料的筛选提供了参考。Constructing artificial reef is a prevalent method of ecological habitat construction in marine ranches.The materials of artificial reef significantly impact the bio-attachment.To explore the bio-attachment effects on the reefs constructed with different materials,four types of artificial reef templates made of basalt fiber(BF),ordinary portland cement(PC),40%-shell-powder portland cement(PF)and 80%-shell-powder portland cement(PE),respectively,were selected.The templates were set in the water near Furong Island,Laizhou Bay,on July 14,2019.After 117d,the templates were retrieved with the attached organisms analyzed.The results showed that 35 species were identified,the number of species on BF,PC,PF,and PE was 11,17,26,and 27,respectively,and Hydroides ezoensis was the absolute dominant specie each template.The total biomass of attached organisms on the four types of reef templates followed the order of PE>PF>PC>BF.The Margalef species richness index(D)followed the order of PE>PF>PC>BF.Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)followed the order of PF>PE>PC>BF.Pielou evenness index(J)followed the order of PF>PC>PE>BF.In general,portland cement templates added with shell powder had better bio-attachment effect than ordinary portland cement,which is suitable to be used as artificial reef material in the water near Furong Island,Laizhou Bay.However,the bio-attachment effect of basalt fiber templates with smooth surface was poor,and the processing technology of reef surface needs further research and development.The total biomass,species and diversity indices were positively correlated with the thickness and number of Hydroides significantly(P<0.05).Large numbers of the attached of Hydroides changed the surface structure and expanded the surface area of the templates,resulting in an increase of the heterogeneity of the artificial reefs,which could provide more habitat space for marine organisms.Hydroides plays a positive ecological role in the attachment of other species and the increase of biodiversity.The present study ca

关 键 词：人工鱼礁 礁体材料 附着生物 盘管虫 芙蓉岛海域 海洋牧场 

分 类 号：S953.1[农业科学—水产养殖] X835[农业科学—水产科学]