美味系猕猴桃越冬冻害指标  

Freezing Injury Indicator of Tasty Kiwifruit During Overwintering Period

作　　者：柏秦凤 王景红 李化龙 张维敏 郭建平[2] 张焘 贺晨昕 Bai Qinfeng;Wang Jinghong;Li Hualong;Zhang Weimin;Guo Jianping;Zhang Tao;He Chenxin(Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crops,Xi'an 710016;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Weinan Meteorological Bureau of Shaanxi Province,Weinan 714000)

机构地区：[1]陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心,西安710016 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]陕西省渭南市气象局,渭南714000

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2021年第4期504-512,共9页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002202)。

摘　　要：通过对1991 —2020年越冬期灾害调查、历史灾情查阅和专家评估,初步建立美味系猕猴桃越冬冻害症状及对应指标的3级评价标准。基于对美味系猕猴桃陕西及河南4个主栽县28例灾害个例致灾因子的主成分分析和K-means聚类分析,构建了美味系猕猴桃越冬冻害的综合指标及分级标准,并用3个主栽县资料进行验证。结果表明:美味系猕猴桃越冬冻害轻度、中度、重度发生的低温指标(T_(D))分别为- 12.0℃2.15;美味系猕猴桃越冬冻害低温指标及综合指标等级划分在3个县验证应用结果均与实际情况基本相符。研究成果可为我国美味系猕猴桃越冬期冻害的防御和评价、产业布局优化、引种等提供参考依据。China has the largest artificial planting area of kiwifruit,of which 67%is tasty kiwifruit.Tasty kiwifruit is mainly distributed in the north foot of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province(about 40%of the national kiwifruit industry scale),and Funiu Mountain and Tongbai Mountain in Henan Province(about 20%of the national kiwifruit industry scale).These two producing areas locate in the northern edge of China’s kiwifruit planting area,where the risk of overwintering freezing injury is high to cause great economic losses to fruit farmers.Therefore,it is especially important to study the freezing injury indicator of tasty kiwifruit for the introduction and expansion of tasty kiwifruit,disaster prevention and mitigation,and stable development of the industry.Through disaster investigation,expert interview,data research and other methods,7 large-scale freezing injury cases of tasty kiwifruit in 1991,2002,2007,2009,2011,2015 and 2020 are selected.The disaster cases of four counties,namely Huyi,Zhouzhi,Meixian and Tongbai are used as samples.The critical occurrence indicator of the overwintering freezing injury of tasty kiwifruit is determined as-8.0℃.The low temperature indicator(TD)of mild,moderate and severe freezing injury of tasty kiwifruit are determined as follows:-12.0℃<TD≤-8.0℃,-15.0℃<TD≤-12.0℃,and TD≤-15.0℃.Four factors are defined as:Winter minimum temperature(X1),days of low temperature below-8.0℃(X2),absolute value of negative accumulated temperature below-8℃(X3),and process harmful accumulated cold below-8℃(X4).Using principal component analysis and K-means clustering analysis,the comprehensive indicator(Ih)of tasty kiwifruit overwintering freezing injury is constructed,and the ranges of Ih for different levels of freezing injury are as follows:-2.08<Ih≤0.82 for mild freezing injury,0.82<Ih<2.15 for moderate freezing injury,and Ih>2.15 for severe freezing injury.The indicators mentioned above are verified by the freezing injury cases of tasty kiwifruit in Changan,Wugong and Xixia

关 键 词：美味系猕猴桃 越冬冻害 指标 主成分分析 K-means聚类分析 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]