高温金属结构材料单晶制备及其研究进展  

Preparation and Development of Single Crystals of High Temperature Structural Metal Materials

作　　者：张晨阳 潘昆明[1,2] 徐流杰[2] 周玉成[1] 李秀青[1] 张桥保 Zhang Chenyang;Pan Kunming;Xu Liujie;Zhou Yucheng;Li Xiuqing;Zhang Qiaobao(Henan Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural and Functional Materials,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;Xiamen Uni-versiy,College of Materials,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学金属材料磨损控制与成型技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,河南洛阳471000 [2]河南科技大学高温结构与功能材料河南省重点实验室,河南洛阳471003 [3]厦门大学材料学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《稀有金属》2021年第5期541-550,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51901069);国家重点研发计划重点项目(2017YFB0306000)资助。

摘　　要：高温金属结构材料具有极其突出的高温力学性能、抗氧化能力等,被广泛用于航空航天、武器装备、核电装备等重要领域。其单晶不存在晶界破坏,具有韧-脆转变温度低、高温结构性能稳定等优点,使用温度比相同成分的传统柱状晶提高50~100℃,安全服役寿命得以显著提高,因而高温金属结构材料单晶的制备、取向及其性能已经成为当前高温结构材料领域研究的热点。该综述简要回顾了高温金属结构材料单晶发展历程,重点且系统论述了近年来国内外最新研究进展,分别介绍了气相沉积法、电子束悬浮区域熔炼法、光束悬浮区域熔炼法、等离子弧熔炼法、增材制造技术等制备工艺、原理、优缺点及最新研究现状,总结了不同制备工艺对高温金属结构材料单晶组织、性能的影响及其作用规律,并展望了未来的研究趋势以及应用前景,以期对高温金属结构材料的优化和发展提供借鉴意义。The high-temperature structural metal materials had been widely used in the fields of aerospace,weapons and nuclear systems due to their extremely outstanding high-temperature mechanical properties and oxidation resistance.Since the single crystals displayed the advantages of no grain boundary damage,low ductile-brittle transition temperature and high-temperature structural stability,their service temperature could be improved by 50~100℃compared to the polycrystal alloys under the same compositions,obtaining an enhanced service life.The development of single crystals of high-temperature metal structural material was helpful to explore their basic physical and chemical properties,and various crystallographic properties.At the same time,it also provided reliable data support for the development and application of new materials,and accelerated the development of new materials.At present,many methods had been developed to prepare single crystals.However,due to the strict requirements of high-temperature structural materials for the service temperature and the service life,it was necessary to strictly control the solidification process and reduce the internal microstructure defects.Via the traditional preparation methods,such as the Czochralski method,a large number of inclusions in ceramic crucibles were difficult to avoid,reducing production efficiency.There was still a gap between the current material production methods and the idea of pursuing high efficiency,short time and low consumables.In this paper,several promising methods of preparing high-temperature metal single crystals were introduced.Chemical vapor deposition(CVD)produced the solid materials by reactive deposition on the substrate surface,which could significantly reduce the preparation temperature,making the process easy to operate and low in cost,and was usually used to prepare metal single-crystal films.In the zone melting technique process,the material was locally heated and melted to achieve directional solidification,and the grains in the melti

关 键 词：高温金属结构材料 单晶 制备工艺 发展趋势 应用 

分 类 号：TG146.4[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]