社会政策能提高脱贫质量吗?--基于贫困发生率与贫困脆弱性视角  

Can Social Policies Improve the Quality of Poverty Alleviation:A Perspective of Poverty Incidence and Poverty Vulnerabilities

作　　者：王增文[1] 胡国恒 Wang Zengwen;Hu Guoheng(Center for Social Security Studies,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会保障研究中心

出　　处：《宏观质量研究》2021年第4期1-14,共14页Journal of Macro-quality Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(21AZD072);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(20JZD025)的资助。

摘　　要：提升脱贫质量需要以社会政策防护为基础,然而关于两者关系的研究一直比较缺乏。在脱贫质量的概念体系指导下,以贫困发生率与贫困脆弱性为脱贫质量的代理指标,利用2014-2018年CHNS面板数据测度了社会政策对脱贫质量的影响效应。首先测度与分解家庭贫困脆弱性;再采用倾向值匹配方法(PSM)验证社会政策制度的再分配效应。实证结果显示,中国的贫困发生率总体上呈现出快速下降的趋势;从家庭贫困脆弱性指标来看,贫困脆弱性明显远高于贫困发生率。户主年龄、家庭规模、家庭成人数、教育程度、就业状态及区域虚拟变量会显著性地影响到家庭的贫困脆弱性及贫困状态;而养老保险(或退休金)收入、医疗费用报销额度、困难补助等社会政策性收入代理变量对于持久性贫困及其脆弱性有一定的影响但效能较弱;这表明社会政策对于降低家庭贫困脆弱性具有弱有效性,在提高家庭脱贫质量方面作用有限。Social policies are the foundation of improving the quality of poverty alleviation,but related researches on their relations are somewhat lacking.Based on the conception of the quality of poverty alleviation,this study,taking the incidence of poverty and poverty vulnerabilities as the proxy variables,uses the CHNS database of 2013-2018 to estimate the effect of the social policies on the quality of poverty alleviation.Firstly,the poverty vulnerability of families is decomposed and measured,followed by the use of the Propensity Score Matching(PSM)to identify the redistributive effect of social policy systems.The empirical results show that the incidence of poverty in China as a whole shows a trend of rapid decline,while poverty vulnerability is increasing from the perspective of household vulnerability.The age of the householder,family size,number of adults in the family,education level,employment status and regional dummy variables are significantly connected with the family's poverty vulnerability and poverty status,while social policy-related income proxy variables,such as pension,medical expenses reimbursement limits,and cash assistance for the poor have a certain positive impact on persistent poverty and its vulnerability,but these impacts are relatively weak,which indicates that social policies exert weak influence on reducing household poverty and vulnerability,and have limited effect in improving the quality of household poverty alleviation.

关 键 词：社会政策 脱贫质量 贫困脆弱性 有效性 收入分配 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]