玉米DH系遗传参数分析和育种效果  

Analysis of Genetic Parameters and Breeding Effect of DH lines in Maize

作　　者：李忠南 王越人[2] 邬生辉 曲海涛[2] 徐宝峰[2] 李福林[2] 李光发[2] LI Zhong-nan;WANG Yue-ren;WU Sheng-hui;QU Hai-tao;XU Bao-feng;LI Fu-lin;LI Guang-fa(Agricultural and Technology Extension Station of Jilin Province,Changchun 130033;Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province,Meihekou 135007,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业技术推广总站,长春130033 [2]通化市农业科学研究院,吉林梅河口135007

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第3期17-22,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业重点研发项目(2020-2022);通化市人才团队建设项目(2019-2021);通化市科技发展计划项目(2018XM09)。

摘　　要：利用PH4CV×A6 F1进行单倍体育种,育成336份DH系为父本、以PH6WC为母本组配336个杂交组合,通过2年鉴定淘汰后综合性状较好的14个组合及先玉335(PH6WC×PH4CV)、通育99(PH6WC×A6)进行3次重复鉴定试验,就10个性状加显性效应进行方差、遗传系数和聚类分析。结果表明,株高、穗位高、子粒水分、百粒重和容重存在超高亲、超低亲遗传,粒穗比存在超高亲遗传,穗粒重无超高亲遗传。各性状对穗粒重通径系数影响,正向作用为百粒重>穗行数>穗长>容重>株高>穗位高,负向作用为子粒水分>粒穗比>秃尖长(绝对值)。14个DH系可划分为3个群,PH4CV和A6的卡方距离为3.45,D752与A6卡方距离为1.96。单倍体育种实践,D752穗粒重加显性效应达到PH4CV水平,同时兼顾了低株高、低穗位等多数优良性状,改良效率为0.30%(1/336)。Using 336 DH lines bred by haploid breeding from F1 of PH4CV×A6 were male parents,and 336 hybrid combinations were made with PH6WC as female parent.Three repeated identification tests were carried out for 14 combinations with better comprehensive characters and Xianyu335(PH6WC×PH4CV)and Tongyu 99(PH6WC×A6)after 2-year identification and elimination.Variance,genetic coefficient,and cluster analysis were carried out for the additive dominant effect of 10 characters.The results showed that plant height,ear height,grain moisture,100-grain weight and bulk density had super high parent and super low parent heredity,the ratio of grain to ear had super high parent heredity,and the grain weight per ear had no super high parent heredity.The effect of path coefficient of each character on the grain weight per ear was 100-grain weight>ear row number>ear length>bulk density>plant height>ear height and the negative effect was(absolute value)grain moisture>grain ear ratio>bald tip length.Fourteen DH lines can be divided into 3 groups,the Chi-square distance of PH4CV and A6 is 3.45,and that of D752 and A6 is 1.96.In this round of haploid breeding practice,only D752 ear grain weight additive dominant effect should reach PH4CV level,while considering the low plant height,low ear height and other excellent characters,the improvement efficiency is 0.30%.

关 键 词：玉米 DH系 遗传参数 聚类分析 育种效果 

分 类 号：S513.035.2[农业科学—作物学]