北方春玉米施肥现状及节肥潜力  

Fertilizer Application in Maize Production in Northern China:Current Status and Fertilization Optimal Potential

作　　者：王玉娜 米国华[1] WANG Yu-na;MI Guo-hua(College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第3期151-158,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“北方玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201801)。

摘　　要：依据文献资料以及农户调研数据,对北方玉米种植区的施肥现状和节肥潜力进行分析。调研数据表明,在当前北方玉米区平均玉米产量为9894 kg/hm^(2)水平下,养分投入总量平均为512 kg/hm^(2),纯氮(N)投入总量为307 kg/hm^(2),纯磷(P_(2)O_(5))投入总量为137 kg/hm^(2),纯钾(K_(2)O)投入总量为68 kg/hm^(2)。氮、磷、钾肥的偏生产力分别为33、78、135 kg/kg。当前农户施肥量总体超量,以最优化肥偏生产力为依据,推荐当前土壤条件下的北方玉米的平均氮、磷、钾施用量分别为193、86和60 kg/hm^(2)。各区域均需要不同程度地减少氮磷肥投入,其中,陕西省的氮素节肥潜力最大(53%),黑龙江省的磷肥节肥潜力最大(50%)。吉林、内蒙古、新疆钾肥节肥潜力是26%~41%,黑龙江省、陕西省和甘肃省的钾肥施用量不足,需增施钾肥。Through data mining and farmer investigation,the current fertilization application situation and fertilizer saving potential in northern maize planting areas were analyzed.Farmer investigation indicates that,under the average yield level of 9894 kg/ha in the northern maize region,the application amount of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O is 307,137,and 68 kg/ha respectively,with the total amount of 512 kg/ha.The partial fertilizer productivity for N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O is 33,78,135 kg/kg,respectively.IBased on the optimized PFP values of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O,the average application rate for P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O is recommended to be 193,86 and 60 kg/ha,respectively.Under the optimized fertilizer input,the overall saving potential for nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizer in total is 34%.The saving potential of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer is both 37%.The saving potential of Potassium fertilizer is 12%.Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer input should be reduced in all regions to different degrees,among which Shanxi province has the highest nitrogen saving potential(53%)and Heilongjiang province has the highest phosphate saving potential(50%).The potassium fertilizer saving potential is 26%-41%in Jilin,Inner Mongolia,and Xinjiang.While in Heilongjiang,Shanxi,and Gansu provinces,some more potassium fertilizers are required.

关 键 词：玉米 产量 化肥 肥料偏生产力 节肥潜力 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]