地热田高氡建筑治理与效果评价  

Building management and effect evaluation of high radon in geothermal field

作　　者：张庆召[1] 崔宏星[1] 尚兵[1] 武云云[1] ZHANG Qingzhao;CUI Hongxing;SHANG Bing;WU Yunyun(National Institute for Radiological Protection,China CDC,Beijing 100088 China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,北京100088

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2021年第2期173-176,共4页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

摘　　要：目的探讨地热田高氡房屋氡的来源与治理。方法α径迹探测器(ATD)分冬夏两个季节测量室内和土壤中的氡浓度。采用γ能谱法测量房屋主体建材放射性核素含量;采用6150 A D/6H X-γ剂量率仪测量房屋主体建材的外照射剂量率;对其中一栋房屋实施土壤减压技术的降氡改造。结果夏冬季32个房间氡浓度均值分别为(106.4±63.7)Bq/m^(3)和(421.3±138.2)Bq/m^(3),分别有12.5%和96.9%的房间超过150 Bq/m^(3)。建筑物周围土壤氡浓度均值为12890 Bq/m^(3)(检测点n=24),是北京市土壤氡浓度典型值(7600 Bq/m^(3))的1.7倍。实施土壤减压改造后冬夏季房屋中氡浓度均可降至<100 Bq/m^(3),主动减压法降氡率为94.6%,被动减压法降氡率为71.4%。结论土壤减压法对降低底层房间氡浓度效果明显,地热田居住环境中氡的问题应引起关注。Objective To explore the source and control of radon in high radon houses in geothermal fields;Methods Radon concentration in indoor and soil was measured by ATD detector in winter and summer;radionuclides in building materials were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry;radionuclides dose rates of building materials were measured by 6150 A D/6H X-γray detector;and radon reduction technology was applied to one of the houses;Results The average radon concentrations in 32 rooms were(106.4±63.7)Bq/m^(3)(summer)and(421.3±138.2)Bq/m^(3)(winter),and the concentrations in 12.5%(summer)and 96.9%(winter)of the rooms exceed 150 Bq/m^(3).The average radon concentration in soil around buildings was 12890 Bq/m^(3)(n=24),which is 1.7 times of the typical soil radon concentration in Beijing(7600 Bq/m^(3)).After soil decompression,the radon concentration in the house could be reduced to less than 100 Bq/m^(3).The radon reduction rates of active decompression and passive decompression were 94.6%and 71.4%,respectively.Conclusion The effect of soil decompression on reducing radon concentration in the bottom rooms is obvious.Attention should be paid to the radon in residential environment of geothermal field.

关 键 词：地热田 土壤 室内 氡浓度 土壤减压 降氡效果 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]