木薯渣堆肥水解液对黄瓜立枯病的防治和促生效果研究  

Study on controlling cucumber damping-off and promoting plant growth of cucumber seedlings by the alkaline hydrolysate from cassava dreg compost

作　　者：杜亚楠 孟晓慧 梅怡然 谢丹[1] 冉炜[1] 沈其荣[1] DU Yanan;MENG Xiaohui;MEI Yiran;XIE Dan;RAN Wei;SHEN Qirong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab ofSolid Organic Waste Utilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化研究重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2021年第4期695-704,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671294)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在通过碱解法处理木薯渣堆肥制备水解液以用作液体有机肥料,并研究其对由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的黄瓜立枯病的防治与促生效果。[方法]为了筛选出最优水解液,分别用不加碱的纯水及0.5、1.0、2.0 mol·L^(-1)氢氧化钾(KOH)溶液对木薯渣堆肥进行水解,利用化学分析、称重法、扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱法(FTIR)分析水解液的有机物和养分含量以及水解残余物的分解率和结构特征;在无菌条件下测定无菌水解液对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的抑制作用;并通过温室水培试验验证水解液对黄瓜立枯病的防治与促生效果。[结果]1.0 mol·L^(-1) KOH溶液处理的水解液最优。该条件下水解液中的有机养分溶出效果最好,固体分解率为22.56%,堆肥的木质纤维素受到显著破坏,残渣中木质素含量降低52.09%,大量移出到水解液中。稀释10、20、40、80倍的无菌水解液对病原菌菌丝生长均有抑制作用,并且随水解液稀释倍数的降低,抑制效果增强,当培养基中水解液的稀释倍数为10时,对菌丝生长的抑制率最高,达到47.52%。水培试验结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,外源添加稀释10、20、40、80、120倍的木薯渣堆肥水解液处理条件下的黄瓜幼苗在接种病原菌10 d后未出现发病症状,其中在稀释20倍的水解液环境中生长的黄瓜幼苗(T2)长势最好,株高、茎粗、叶面积较对照(CK)分别增加181.79%、49.64%、166.74%。[结论]本研究提出了1种以木薯渣堆肥为原料制备液体有机肥的新方法,制备的水解液富含水溶性有机物和植物养分元素,能够促进黄瓜苗生长,有效防治黄瓜立枯病。[Objectives]This study was aimed to prepare the hydrolysate as a liquid organic fertilizer by alkaline hydrolysis of cassava dreg compost and to evaluate the efficiency of the hydrolysate on controlling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani and promoting plant growth of cucumber seedlings.[Methods]For gaining the optimal hydrolate,pure water,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol·L^(-1)of potassium hydroxide(KOH)solutions were used to hydrolyze cassava dreg compost,while the major chemical components of the hydrolysates and the decomposition rates and structural characteristics of hydrolysis residues were measured by chemical analysis,weighting,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and infrared-spectroscopy(FTIR).The prepared hydrolysates were sterilized and tested on the inhibition of mycelial growth of R.solani.Hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the control efficiency of cassava dreg compost hydrolysate against damping-off and promoting plant growth of cucumber seedlings.[Results]The hydrolysis effect of cassava dreg compost was the best with 22.56%of the decomposition rate,52.09%of the lignin reduction when the concentration of KOH solution was 1.0 mol·L^(-1).After alkaline hydrolysis,the lignocellulose structure of the compost was effectively destroyed,and the lignin was removed in a large amount to the hydrolysate.The hydrolysate inhibited the growth of R.solani when it was diluted 10,20,40,80 times.The highest inhibition rate of mycelial growth in culture medium was 47.52%when the compost hydrolysate was diluted by 10 times.In the hydroponic experiment,no damping-off symptom of cucumber seedlings had occurred for 10 days even when co-cultured with phytopathogen R.solani in the cassava dreg compost hydrolysate diluted 10,20,40,80,120 times.Cassava dreg compost hydrolysate significantly promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings.The plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of the treatment with 20 times diluted hydrolysate increased by 181.79%,49.64%and 166.74%,respectively,as compared with CK.[Conclusions]We presen

关 键 词：木薯渣 堆肥 碱法水解 水解液 黄瓜 立枯病 液体有机肥 

分 类 号：S145.2[农业科学—肥料学]