雌性动物生殖道内精子储存的研究进展  

Advances in sperm storage within female reproductive tract

作　　者：杨戈 楚金雨 李绍梅 牟春燕 YANG Ge;CHU Jin-Yu;LI Shao-Mei;MOU Chun-Yan(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry of Education,College of Animal Sciences and Technology,Huazhong Agriculture University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科学技术学院,农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《生命科学》2021年第5期582-592,共11页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501301)。

摘　　要：雌性的精子储存是一类自然界广泛发生的生理现象,主要包括精子进入雌性生殖道、暂时储存于雌性生殖道以及重新激活释放等过程。雌性精子储存是体内受精的动物异步交配与排卵的生殖基础,在不同物种之间存在一定的差异性。影响雌性动物精子储存的因素众多,其中最重要的是不同物种间形态各异的精子储存结构,这是导致不同动物精子储存时间差异的直接原因。此外,还有很多生理过程和生物因子调控雌性生殖道内的精子储存时长,包括脂质的代谢、抗氧化水平的调节、微酸性pH微环境的维持、免疫反应的抑制等,面对类似的生理需求,雌性储存精子的机制在物种之间可能具有一定的保守性。该文综述不同物种雌性精子储存的结构差异和调控机制,解读生物精子储存的多样性,为进一步探索雌性精子储存机制提供思路。The long-term sperm storage is described as the temporary maintenance of sperm in sperm storage reservoir after entering into the reproductive tract, followed by the activation and release of sperm to move towards the fertility site. This phenomenon occurs across various female animals. The capacity of sperm storage provides a reproductive basis of asynchronous copulation and ovulation for organisms with internal fertilization, and presents greatly diversity among species. Of numerous factors affecting female sperm storage, the key point is the difference of sperm storage structure across species, which underlies the differential capacity of sperm storage. Besides, plenty of physiological processes and bio-factors including lipid metabolism, regulation of antioxidation, maintenance of acidic pH, as well as inhibition of immunoreaction, etc., have been suggested to function in female sperm storage. The mechanisms of sperm storage may be conserved among species considering the basic physiological requirement. This review aims to decipher the diversity of sperm storage, particularly the sperm storage structures and sites, and the general principles of female sperm storage, to drive deep thinking of this complicated phenomenon regarding the high efficiency of reproduction in human and other animals, as well as the rescue or preservation of animals from extinction.

关 键 词：雌性生殖道 精子储存 脂质 抗氧化 pH 免疫反应 激素 

分 类 号：Q492.5[生物学—生理学] Q954.4