降雪量和融雪径流对地表水体污染物输出的影响  

Influence of Snowfall and Snowmelt Runoff on Surface Water Pollutant Output

作　　者：高俣晗 刘硕[1] 张美琦 于益 Gao Yuhan;Liu Shuo;Zhang Meiqi;Yu Yi(Harbin Normal University)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报》2021年第4期68-78,共11页Natural Science Journal of Harbin Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501033)。

摘　　要：以哈尔滨市主城区为研究区域,基于2007~2018年降雪量数据的统计分析,结合2018年春季融雪径流采样实测数据,运用SWMM(暴雨洪水管理模型)对降雪量变化条件下哈尔滨市主城区融雪径流量及其污染负荷入河量、空间分布进行模拟计算.结果表明,2007~2018年哈尔滨市降雪量差异巨大,最大值为2010年的116 mm,年降雪总量超百年一遇,最小值为2014年的29.5 mm.多年融雪径流量与降雪量大小呈正相关关系,研究区径流量最大值为1835.57 m^(3),最小值为215.98 m^(3),各排放口融雪径流量变化范围在168~1510.56 m^(3)之间.控制街道清扫频率、下垫面组成等因素保持不变,在不同年份降雪量条件下,4种污染物的单位面积污染负荷及产出总量与径流量变化呈正相关.在最大降雪条件下,研究区内的总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)及氨氮(NH3-N)单位面积污染负荷分别为4.1878μg/m2,0.0855、4.5158和0.0412mg/m2.在空间分布上,P3马家沟排放口的入河污染物排放量最大,P5道外排放口排放量最小.通过模拟计算得出的最大、最小污染负荷可以对流域水环境管理提供参考依据,并且可以对融雪径流非点源污染采取有效防范措施.Taken the main urban area of Harbin as the research area, based on the statistical analysis of snowfall data from 2007 to 2018, combined with the sampling analysis of snowmelt runoff in spring of 2018, using the SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) model, the snowmelt runoff in the main urban area of Harbin under is simulated and analyzed when the snow fall changes and its output and spatial distribution of TP, TN, COD and NH3-N pollution load into the river are calculated. The result shows that the amount of snowfall in Harbin from 2007 to 2018 varies greatly, the maximum value is 116 mm in 2010, the total annual snowfall exceeds 100 years, and the minimum value is 29.5 mm in 2014. The change of snowmelt runoff for several years is positively correlated with the amount of snowfall. Maximum runoff in the study area is 1835.57 m^(3), and the minimum value is 215.98 m^(3),the variation range of total snowmelt runoff from each outfall is 168 m^(3) to 1510.56 m^(3).Under different snowfall conditions, Factors such as the frequency of street cleaning and the composition of the underlying surface are remained unchanged. The pollution load per unit area and total output of the four pollutants are positively correlated with changes in runoff. With the condition of maximum snowfall, the pollution load per unit area of TP, TN, COD and NH3-N are 4.1878 μg/m2、0.0855、4.5158 and 0.0412 mg/m2. In terms of spatial distribution, the output of snowmelt runoff pollutants from the outfall of P3 is the largest, and the minimum value is from P5. The maximum and minimum pollution loads are obtained through simulation calculations, which can provide a reference for river basin water environment management and effective preventive measures for non-point source pollution from snowmelt runoff.

关 键 词：降雪量变化 融雪径流 SWMM模型 入河污染物 污染负荷 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]