竞争性多边主义与国际秩序的演进趋向--基于国际制度合法性视角的解释  

Competitive Multilateralism and the Evolution of the International Order:An Explanation Based on the Perspective of International Institutional Legitimacy

作　　者：刘昌明[1] 杨慧[1] LIU Chang-ming;YANG Hui

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院,青岛266237

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2021年第4期24-40,127,共18页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：中国-东盟区域发展协同创新中心科研专项和教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划联合资助项目(CWZD201602)。

摘　　要：近年来,竞争性多边主义作为一种国际制度现象和国家在国际制度框架中的优势竞争行为呈现兴起之势。从国际制度合法性流变的视角来看,竞争性多边主义是特定领域国际制度“去合法化”及相关行为体对制度“再合法化”分歧而导致制度参与行为分化的结果,是制度改革失效后制度体系演进的必经阶段。在全球层次,国际经贸和金融领域的竞争性多边主义兴起均与各自领域制度体系的合法化困境有关。在地区层次,亚太地区小多边机制的涌现也是地区制度合法性长期缺失的结果。将对特定领域和地区制度合法性的探讨延伸到关于国际制度体系合法性的观察可知。制度体系合法性下降是秩序转型的主要诱因。竞争性多边主义不断解构着现行国际制度体系,因而成为推动国际秩序演进的重要动力。当前美国主导下的自由主义国际秩序因美国制度霸权与制度合法性的动态演进规律之间的根本性矛盾而面临“再合法化”难题,未来秩序转型的结果将取决于新兴国家的广泛崛起之势能否保持以及秩序主导国美国的霸权护持态度是否出现转变。In recent years,competitive multilateralism has emerged both as an international institutional phenomenon and competitive behavior of states in international institutions. From the perspective of international institutional legitimacy,competitive multilateralism is the result of the "delegitimization" of international institutions in specific areas and the differentiation of institutional participation behavior caused by the "de-legitimization" of international institutions. It is also a necessary evolutionary stage following the failure of the international institutions reform. At the global level,the lack of international institutions legitimacy leads to the rise of competitive multilateralism in the fields of international trade and finance. At the regional level,the emergence of mini-lateral mechanisms in the Asia Pacific region is also the result of the insufficiency of regional institutional legitimacy. By extending the discussion on the legitimacy of the international institutions in specific areas and regions to the observation on the legitimacy of the international institutions system,we can see that the decline of the legitimacy of the institutional system is the main cause of international order transformation. Competitive multilateralism is constantly deconstructing the current international system,thus becoming an important driving force behind the evolution of the international order. At present,the liberal international order led by the United States is facing the problem of "re-legitimization" due to the fundamental contradiction between the US institutional hegemony and the dynamic evolution of institutional legitimacy. The outcome of the future order transformation will depend on whether the rise of emerging countries can be maintained and whether there is a shift of the hegemonic power’s institutional behavior.

关 键 词：竞争性多边主义 制度竞争 国际制度合法性 国际秩序 制度霸权 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]