决策与咨询的共生与交融——基于日本科技咨询体系的考察与启示  

The symbiosis and integration of decision-making and consulting——Observation and enlightenment based on a japanese sci-tech consultation system

作　　者：李慧敏 陈光[2] 李章伟 LI Hui-min;CHEN Guang;LI Zhang-wei(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;China Bureau of Academic Divisions,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;General Office,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院学部工作局,北京100190 [3]中国科学院办公厅,北京100864

出　　处：《科学学研究》2021年第7期1199-1207,共9页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院国际合作项目(Y9X3571H);中国科学院青年创新促进会2021年项目(E1X01016);国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(71843008)。

摘　　要：完善的科技咨询体系是科学决策的重要保障,也是现代国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要标志。本文系统梳理了日本科技咨询体系的概况,总结了日本科技咨询体系的特点:一方面,其决策体系内嵌入了一套以综合科学技术创新会议为首、各类审议会为主体的咨询体系,以"自上而下"方式支撑决策提供咨询意见;另一方面,在决策体系外存在以日本学术会议为首的学术界、产业界咨询体系,以"自下而上"方式建言献策提供决策参考。这两种咨询体系互补互容互通,最终促成日本科技决策和科技咨询的共生与交融关系。文章以日本科技基本计划制定为案例,解析日本重大科技决策中科技咨询发挥的作用,从三个方面对日本科技咨询体系的特点及其成因进行了深入剖析:第一,日本科技咨询体系的建制化和体系化特点;第二,日本科技咨询具有统合性和嵌入性特征;第三,CSTI与日本学术会议领衔了科技咨询体系的"车之两轮","两轮"在功能定位上既有区别,更有分工合作。最后文章立足我国现实问题,提出了值得我国借鉴和学习的相关经验。Modern public decision is becoming increasingly dependent on the support of scientific expertise.A well-functioning sci-tech consulting system is an important measure for guaranteeing the implementation of decision-making in a scientific way.At the same time,it is also a significant symbol of modern national governance systems and that which reflects the modernization level of governance abilities.This paper outlines a Japanese sci-tech consultation system and summarizes its characteristics,the brief rundown of which is presented as follows.On the one hand,this decision-making system has been embedded with a set of consultation system that is presided by Council for Science,Technology and Innovation(CSTI),takes various Councils as the main subjects,and adopts a top-down consultation opinion provision approach in support of the decision-making.On the other hand,outside the decision-making system,there are academic and industrial consulting systems led by Japanese academic committees,which adopts a bottom-up approach in offering advice,suggestions,and decision-making references.These two consulting systems complement and embrace each other,which finally contributes to the symbiosis and integration of Japanese sci-tech decision-making and consultation.This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the features and causes of Japan’s sci-tech consulting system from three aspects:(1)the institutionalization and systematization.Most of the consulting organs in the decision-making system are institutionalized,whose establishment,membership,functions,etc.take the clear stipulations in laws or government decrees as the principles;the related administrative organs responsible for scientific decision-making,ranging from the cabinet,provincial governments to local governments,are equipped with corresponding consulting organs to provide decision-making support;under the overall leadership of CSTI,various types of consulting organs at all levels have formed a division of labor and cooperation with their own focuses;(2)the integr

关 键 词：决策 咨询 日本 咨询体系 审议会 日本学术会议 综合科学技术创新会议 

分 类 号：C934[经济管理—管理学]