甘肃省亚麻田杂草种类及危害程度评价  

Weeds Species and Harm Degree Evaluation in Flax Fields in Gansu Province

作　　者：王玉灵[1] 王爱华[2] 胡冠芳[1] 牛树君[1] 赵峰[1] 刘永刚[1] 张海英[1] WANG Yuling;WANG Aihua;HU Guanfang;NIU Shujun;ZHAO Feng;LIU Yonggang;ZHANG Haiying(Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute,Tianshui,Gansu 741000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741001

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2021年第3期126-137,共12页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系亚麻草害防控岗位(CARS-14-1-22);甘肃省农业科学院《农药毒理与杂草防控》学科团队(2017GAAS24);甘肃省林业和草原局《甘肃省草原毒杂草治理技术研究与示范推广》项目;甘肃省引导科技创新发展专项(2019GAAS02)资助。

摘　　要：为准确评价农田杂草的危害程度,为亚麻杂草综合防控提供依据,采用倒置"W"9点取样法调查甘肃省亚麻主产区亚麻田杂草种类、株数、株高和盖度。依据调查结果分析提出相对优势度RA的计算公式:RA=RD(相对密度)+RF(相对频度)+RU(相对均度)+RH(相对高度)+RC(相对盖度)。该计算方法与国内外文献报道的不同,属于计算方法的改进,适用于倒置"W"9点取样法在不调查杂草鲜重条件下(快速调查)对相对优势度的全面评价。依据杂草相对优势度并结合杂草具体发生情况提出了评价亚麻田杂草危害程度的4级分级标准。依据分级标准评价,4级杂草种类有藜等8种,占杂草种类的4.91%;3级杂草种类有蔓首乌等6种,占杂草种类的3.68%;2级杂草种类有黄花蒿等22种,占杂草种类的13.50%;1级杂草种类有节节草等127种,占杂草种类的77.91%。该分级标准能够准确评价农田杂草的危害程度,对杂草综合防控具有重要指导意义。In order to accurately evaluate harm degree of weeds in farmland and provide basis for integrated control of weeds,species,number,height and coverage of weeds in flax fields of the main flax production areas in Gansu Province,investigation were carried out using the method of inverted W-pattern with 9 sampling points.The calculation formula is put forward according to analysis on the investigation results is as following:RA(Relative Abundance)=RD(Relative Density)+RF(Relative Frequency)+RU(Relative Uniformity)+RH(Relative Height)+RC(Relative Coverage).The calculation method is different from that reported in literatures at home and abroad,which belongs to improvement of calculation method.It is suitable for overall evaluation on Relative Abundance without investigating fresh weight of weeds(rapid investigation).According to Relative Abundance and specific occurrence of weeds,the four-level classification criteria of the harm degree of weeds in flax fields was put forward.Evaluate according to the four-level classification standards,there are 8 kinds of weeds including Chenopodium album in level 4,accounting for 4.91%of total species of weeds,6 kinds of weeds including Fallopia convolvulu in level 3,accounting for 3.68%,22 kinds of weeds including Artemisia annua in level 2,accounting for 13.50%,and 127 kinds of weeds including Equisetum ramosissimum in level 1,accounting for 77.91%.The classification standard can accurately evaluate harm degree of weeds in farmland,it has important guiding significance for integrated control of weeds.

关 键 词：亚麻 杂草种类 危害程度 

分 类 号：S563.2[农业科学—作物学]