岳阳红苹果矮化栽培与负载量关系研究  

A study on the relationship between dwarfing cultivation and load of Yueyanghong apple

作　　者：张秀美[1] 王宏[1] 刘志[1] 于年文[1] 李宏建[1] 里程辉[1] ZHANG Xiumei;WANG Hong;LIU Zhi;YU Nianwen;LI Hongjian;LI Chenghui(Liaoning Research Institute of Pomology,Xiongyue 115009,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁熊岳115009

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第7期1077-1083,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划(2019-ZD-0385);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);辽宁省太和区果树特派团;辽宁省凌源市果树科技特派团(2020JH5/10400062)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同负载量的树体结构、叶绿素、光合指标、果实品质,为高效生产提供技术支撑。【方法】以10年生岳阳红/77-34/山定子苹果为试材,高中低产3种负载量作为处理,研究了负载量对树体结构、叶绿素、光合指标、果实品质的影响。【结果】不同处理的树体结构以处理Ⅱ枝芽量1046×103个·hm~(-2)、长中短枝比1∶2.7∶8.4,较合理;叶片叶绿素含量与比叶质量呈显著正相关,叶绿素含量越高比叶质量相对越大,以处理Ⅱ叶绿素含量最高;处理Ⅱ能明显改善岳阳红的光合性能,显著提高光合速率;处理Ⅱ的果实品质最好,果实硬度、糖、酸适宜,果面光洁度好,易着红色,品质优于其他处理。【结论】负载量中等(193个·株-1)的处理Ⅱ果实内在和外在品质好,有助于树体的营养积累和丰产稳产。【Objective】The study investigated the relationship between tree structure,leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic indexes and fruit yield and quality and fruit load.【methods】Ten-year old trees of Yueyanghong/77-34/Malus baccata Borkh.were used as the experimental material to study the effects of fruit load on tree structure,leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic indexes and fruit quality.test design for three treatments,treatmentⅠcontained 30000 kg·hm-2 load,treatmentⅡcontained 37500 kg·hm-2 load,treatmentⅢcontained 45000 kg·hm-2 load.【Results】The total number of shoots in treatmentⅡwas1046×103 per hm2,which was higher than that in treatment I and treatmentⅡ,which was 138×103 per hm2 and 37×103 per hm2,respectively.The number of medium and short branches were largest in treatmentⅢ(1009×103 per hm2),followed by treatmentⅡ(1046×103 per hm2),and smallest in treatmentⅠ(908×103 per hm2).As for long branches,the treatment I had the largest number.There were significant differences among different treatments.At the stage of fruit full maturity,higher shoot number and the higher proportion of medium and short shoots contributed to higher and stable yield of the tree in next season.Trees in treatmentⅡhad a better tree structure with a larger proportion of medium and short shoots and a larger total number of shoots,while the proportion of long shoots was lower.The ratio of long,medium and short shoots was 1∶2.7∶8.4.The total chlorophyll content in treatmentⅡwas significantly higher than that in treatment I and treatmentⅢ.There was no significant difference between the treatmentⅠand treatmentⅢ.Leaf chlorophyll content in treatmentⅡwas positively correlated with specific leaf weight.Net photosynthetic rate in treatmentⅡwas the highest,which was 17.11μmol·m-2·s-1,followed by treatmentⅢ,16.08μmol·m-2·s-1,and there were great differences between treatment I and treatmentⅡ.The lowest stomatal conductance in treatmentⅡwas 0.0383 mmol·m-2·s-1,which was significa

关 键 词：苹果 负载量 枝类组成 叶绿素 光合速率 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]