柑橘果皮的发育特征及GA_(3)的防裂效果  

Developmental characteristics of citrus peel and the effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking

作　　者：李永杰 金国强 淳长品[2] 朱潇婷 邱晓莹 LI Yongjie;JIN Guoqiang;CHUN Changpin;ZHU Xiaoting;QIU Xiaoying(Station of Popularizing Speciality Technology in Linhai,Linhai 317000,Zhejiang,China;Southwest University/Citrus Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China)

机构地区：[1]临海市特产技术推广总站,浙江临海317000 [2]西南大学·中国农业科学院柑桔研究所,重庆400712

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第7期1092-1101,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：临海市协同创新项目(2019lhxc01);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2020XTTGGP03-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】以杂柑甘平为试材,研究其果皮的发育特征及其与裂果的相关性,探索赤霉酸(GA_(3))对果实裂果的影响,为柑橘裂果的机制研究和综合防控提供参考。【方法】采用石蜡切片法观察果皮的解剖结构,应用机械喷雾GA_(3)于果实表面,并对裂果率和果实品质参数进行评价。【结果】果实发育的果形指数由盛花后30 d的0.92趋向扁圆形发展,到转色前为0.76。谢花后,果皮厚度随着果实的发育快速增长,在盛花后45 d左右达到最高值0.50 cm,之后逐渐变薄,直至转色前维持在0.19 cm左右。解剖结构显示中果皮细胞间在盛花后45 d即开始出现明显的裂隙,随着发育的进行持续扩大,成为果皮开裂的敏感部位。GA_(3)喷施有利于表皮细胞和中果皮细胞维持相对稳定的层次和胞间连接,进而可以有效地降低裂果的发生,与对照相比,3次10 mg·kg^(-1)处理可降低果实裂果率54.53%,并且对果实品质的影响不显著。【结论】柑橘果实裂果与果形趋扁圆形发展、果皮持续变薄及中果皮胞间隙扩大有关,外源GA_(3)可在一定程度上缓冲裂隙的发展,进而显著降低裂果的发生。【Objective】Fruit cracking is an important physiological disease in citrus.Due to the complexity of the fruit cracking mechanism and the variability of the climate,there are still no effective measures to solve fruit cracking problem in practice.Kanpei is a hybrid citrus variety recently introduced to China.Its fruit cracking phenomenon is serious regardless of changes in the external environment,which provides a good case for fruit cracking research.This paper comprehensively evaluated the development characteristics of peel and its correlation with fruit cracking in Kanpei fruit.Effects of gibberellic acid(GA3)on fruit cracking rate and fruit quality were also investigated.【Methods】During the young fruit stage and the fruit expanding stage,1.5 cm×2.0 cm peel pieces were cut and subjected to FAA fixation,washing,dehydration,transparency,paraffin impregnation,embedding,sectioning and gluing,dewaxing,staining,dehydration,hyalinization,sealing and other steps to obtain paraffin sections of the peel.The paraffin sections were used for the observation of the structural characteristics of the peel tissues.Fruit shape index and peel thickness were measured with a vernier caliper.The firmness of fruit was measured using a digital force gauge,and the equatorial position is taken as the measuring point.There were four treatments in the experiment,including three concentration gradients of gibberellic acid,5(G5),10(G10),and 20 mg·kg^(-1)(G20),which was sprayed on the surface of the fruit every 20 days from the young fruit stage(June 15).The fourth treatment involved spraying with10 mg·kg^(-1) GA3(DG10)every 15 days from the fruit expansion period(July 5).In all the treatments,the GA3 were sprayed three times,each containing 0.05%Tween-20 as the surfactant.Spraying water served as the control group(CK).The initial fruit load(M)of each tree after fruit set(July 20)and the final fruit load(N)of each tree at the end of fruit cracking(mid-late October)were recorded.The fruit cracking rate=(M-N)/M×100%.The soluble sol

关 键 词：杂交柑橘 裂果 中果皮 赤霉酸 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]