土壤环境调控对板栗细根形态和产量的影响  

Effects of interrow grass mulching and fertilization on morphology of fine roots and yield of Chinese chestnut

作　　者：王芳芳 郭素娟[1,2] 廖逸宁 马雅莉 WANG Fangfang;GUO Sujuan;LIAO Yining;MA Yali(The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Protection,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Chinese Chestnut Industry Innovation Alliance,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]板栗产业国家创新联盟,北京100083

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第7期1123-1135,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001604);林业与草原科技成果国家级推广项目(2020133118)。

摘　　要：【目的】为解决河北迁西地区板栗园干旱缺水和不合理施肥导致的土壤肥力下降等问题,依据当地实际情况提出一个优化的土壤管理模式,并进行效果验证,为其改进和推广提供理论依据。【方法】以8年生板栗燕山早丰(Castanea mollissima‘Yanshanzaofeng’)为研究对象,采用裂区试验设计,主处理为行间覆草(GC)和清耕(CT),副处理为4个施肥处理,即无机肥(F)、有机肥(M)、有机肥和无机肥配施(F+M)、不施肥(CK),于2019和2020年连续2 a(年)研究覆草-施肥模式对板栗园土壤状况和细根形态以及单株产量的影响。【结果】行间覆草处理的土壤平均含水量显著高于清耕处理,覆草区0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层平均含水量分别比清耕区相应土层高18.76%、17.62%;而且行间覆草还具有高温时节降温、低温时节保温的作用;各施肥处理均能降低0~40 cm土层的土壤容重,增加总孔隙度。覆草和施肥处理可显著提高板栗园根际土壤有机质和速效养分含量,对板栗细根养分含量和形态特征也产生了显著的影响,而且各指标均表现为GC>CT,其中GC(F+M)和CT(F+M)处理的增量最为显著;GC(F+M)处理的单株产量最高,不同覆草-施肥模式增产幅度为4.95%~45.21%。聚合增强树分析表明,不同土壤理化指标对板栗单株产量的贡献程度由大到小依次为AN>AK>AP>SWC>TEM>OM>pH>TP>SBD,土壤速效养分和含水量对单株产量的贡献率最高,分别为52.21%、13.91%。【结论】在迁西地区板栗栽培中,行间覆草结合有机肥和无机肥配施是该地区板栗增产的较适宜的土壤管理方式,建议广泛推广。【Objective】To analyze the effects of interrow grass mulching combined with different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,root system configuration,nutrient content and productivity in chestnut orchards,Qianxi,Hebei province,where drought,water shortage and problems of unscientific fertilization are serious.【Methods】Eight-year-old trees of Castanea mollissima‘Yanshanzaofeng’were taken as the research object,and a split zone experiment design was adopted.The main treatment included interrow mulching with grass and clean tillage,and the secondary treatments were 4 fertilization treatments including single application of inorganic fertilizer(F),single application of organic fertilizer(M),combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer(F+M)and no fertilization(CK).In 2019 and 2020,we studied the effect of mulching and fertilization on water,fertilizer,gas and heat status in the soil,fine root growth,and fine root nutrient content in chestnut orchard.The most suitable soil management model was selected based on fruit productivity.【Results】During the growing period(April-October),the average water contents in the soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were significantly higher in the mulching treatments than those in the clean tillage treatment.The average water contents in the soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the mulched soils were18.76%and 17.62%higher than those in the cleaned soils,respectively.Interrow mulching in the chestnut orchard significantly reduced the range of diurnal soil temperature change.The variation range of soil temperature in under interrow mulching in summer and autumn was 1.56℃and 1.10℃smaller than that in the clean tillage treatment.Mulching had obvious cooling effect in hot season and helped heat preservation in low temperature seasons.Different fertilization treatments significantly reduced the soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer,increased the total porosity of soil,and reduced soil pH value.The influence of interrow

关 键 词：板栗 覆草 施肥 土壤理化性质 细根 产量 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]