纳米铝在炸药中的分散性和成型性  

Dispersibility and Formability of Explosives with Nano-aluminum

作　　者：牛国涛[1] 曹少庭[1] 牛磊[1] 金大勇[1] 姚李娜[1] NIU Guo-tao;CAO Shao-ting;NIU Lei;JIN Da-yong;YAO Li-na(Xi'an Modern Chemical Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,西安710065

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2021年第19期8018-8022,共5页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：总装备部重大专项。

摘　　要：为了研究纳米铝在炸药中的分散性和成型性,利用不同溶剂对纳米铝进行了分散;利用超声波分散法、高速剪切混合法、叶片式搅拌混合、分散加高速分散机混合对黑索金/铝(RDX/Al)体系进行分散;采用熔融混合造粒工艺研究了不同纳米铝粉含量的成型性,采用直接混合造粒工艺研究了不同纳米铝粉含量对RDX/Al体系成型性,结果表明:乙酸乙酯的分散效果最好;超声分散可以提高纳米铝粉的分散均匀性;采用的三种工艺可以达到相同的分散效果;微米铝和纳米铝在三硝基甲苯(TNT)中的成型性基本无变化;在RDX/Al体系的压装炸药中,含纳米铝的炸药成型性较含微米铝的炸药差;含纳米铝炸药的密度随铝粉含量增加呈现非线性变化,而纳米铝和微米铝级配的炸药密度随铝粉含量增加呈现线性增加。In order to study the dispersibiliy and formability of explosives with nano-aluminum,the different solvents were used to disperse the nano-aluminum.Using the methods of ultrasonic wave,high-speed shear stirring,blade stirring,pre-stirring and high-speed shearing,the nano-aluminum was dispersed in the RDX/Al system.The fomability with different content of aluminum in TNT was investigated by the process of the melt-cast granulation,with different content of nano-aluminum in RDX/Al system by the process of the solvent paste process.The results show that ethyl acetate is the best solvent in the dispersion of nano-aluminum;the ultrasonic wave can improve the distribution uniformity of nano-aluminum in the RDX/Al system,and the three kinds of distribution process have the same dispersion effect;the formability of micro-aluminum in TNT is in line with that of nano-aluminum;in the pressed explosives of RDX/Al,the formability of nano aluminum-contained explosives are inferior to that of micro aluminum contained explosives.The density of micro aluminum-contained explosives is linear,whereas the density of nano aluminum-contained explosives is nonlinear with the content of aluminum.

关 键 词：纳米铝 炸药配方 分散性 成型性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560.71[化学工程—炸药化工]