牛结核病诊断技术研究进展  

Research Progress in Diagnosis Technology of Bovine Tuberculosis

作　　者：罗鹏飞 舒展 LUO Peng-fei;SHU Zhan(Altay Xinjiang Regional Animal Disease Control and Diagnosis Center, Altay Xinjiang 836500, China)

机构地区：[1]阿勒泰地区动物疾病控制与诊断中心,新疆阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《畜牧兽医杂志》2021年第4期63-66,共4页Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：阿勒泰地区自然科学基金项目(新疆阿勒泰地区牛结核病流行病学调查及防控研究,202016)。

摘　　要：牛结核病(Bovine Tuberculosis,TB)是由牛结核分枝杆菌等引起的一种慢性消耗性人兽共患传染病,该病不仅会对畜牧业造成严重经济损失,还会对人类身体健康造成威胁,我国将其列为二类动物疫病,该传染病是国内外迫切需要解决的严重公共卫生安全问题之一。目前,牛结核病在世界各地均有流行,其通用的诊断方法是采用牛型结核菌素PPD皮内变态反应试验,根据测量的皮厚差进行结果判定,在基层应用较为广泛,也是国家检测牛结核病的行业标准,但该方法的缺点是试验操作时间长达72 h,要2次抓牛测量其皮厚度,对试验牛的应激反应和生产干扰较大,且检测人员的操作易对检测结果造成影响。因此,在实际生产当中应用不同诊断方法进行牛结核检测对克服试验误差具有重要意义。随着牛结核新型诊断方法和技术的不断发展,IFN-γ释放试验(IGRA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、序列扩增技术(NASBA)、全基因组测序法(WGS)以及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法等被广泛应用于兽医临床结核病诊断,使该病检测的敏感性和特异性均得到很大提高。但现实中需要从价格、实用性等生产角度出发,选择出最佳诊断方法。在实际生产应用中,由于结核病存在细胞免疫和体液免疫分离现象,无论是牛型结核菌素PPP皮内变态反应试验、γ-干扰素体外释放试验还是聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法都难以准确无误地诊断牛结核病,因此确诊牛结核病比较理想的方法是2种或2种以上方法的联合使用。Bovine Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic consumptive zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.It not only causes serious economic losses to animal husbandry,but also poses a threat to human health.In China,it is listed as the second class of animal disease,which is one of the serious public health and safety problems that need to be solved urgently at home and abroad.At present,TB is prevalent all over the world.The common diagnostic method is to use bovine-type PPD intradermal allergic reaction test,and determine the results according to the measured skin thickness difference.It is widely used in grass-roots units,and it is also the national industry standard for detection of TB.However,the disadvantage of this method is that the test operation time is as long as 72 hours,and the skin thickness is measured twice,which has great interference to the stress response and production of the test cattle,and the operation of the detection personnel is easy to affect the detection results.Therefore,the application of different diagnostic methods in the actual production of TB detection is of great significance to overcome the test error.With the continuous development of new diagnostic methods and technologies for bovine tuberculosis,interferon-γ?release assay(IGRA),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),nucleic acid sequence-based amplification(NASBA),whole genome sequencing(WGS)and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)are widely used in veterinary clinical tuberculosis diagnosis,which greatly improves the sensitivity and specificity of the disease detection.However,we need to choose the best diagnosis method from the perspective of price and practicability.In practical production and application,due to the separation of cellular immunity and humoral immunity,it is difficult to accurately diagnose TB by bovine tuberculin PPP intradermal allergy test,IGRA or PCR.Therefore,the ideal method to diagnose TB is the combination of two or more methods.

关 键 词：牛结核病 诊断方法 研究 进展 

分 类 号：S852.618[农业科学—基础兽医学]