胰腺类器官技术的发展及应用  

The Development and Application of Pancreatic Organoid Technology

作　　者：马双羽 赵冰楠 王琼 MA Shuangyu;ZHAO Bingnan;WANG Qiong(Department of Histo-Embryology,Genetics and Developmental Biology,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院组织胚胎学与遗传发育学系,上海市生殖医学重点实验室,上海200025

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2021年第6期1166-1173,共8页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会自然科学基金(批准号:20ZR1430400);上海高校特聘教授(东方学者)岗位计划;上海交通大学新进青年教师启动计划;上海交通大学医学院博士后激励计划资助的课题;中国博士后科学基金面上项目(批准号:2019M651517)。

摘　　要：在人类生物学和疾病的研究过程中,动物模型扮演了重要的角色。但随着研究的深入,其局限性也逐渐凸显。新兴的人类类器官(organoid)技术较好地弥补了动物模型的不足。类器官主要是指由干细胞衍生出的3D多细胞微器官。它能在体外模拟组织器官自发的谱系分化与稳态维持,并具备类似于体内组织器官的生理功能。目前,类器官培养技术在很多器官(比如胃肠道、食管、肝、胆、脑和膀胱等)中都取得了较好的进展。胰腺是人体内唯一的一个既是外分泌腺又是内分泌腺的特殊脏器。因此,胰腺类器官技术的发展面临更大的挑战。目前,胰腺导管类器官和胰岛类器官技术日渐优化,但如何构建复合型胰腺类器官仍是当前研究的难点。该综述将主要回顾胰腺的发育过程、体外定向分化技术以及胰腺类器官模型构建与应用等最新研究成果,同时简要探讨胰腺类器官模型具有潜力的发展方向。In the process of studying human biology and mechanisms underlying disease progression,animal models have played important roles.But in the meantime,their limitations also have gradually become prominent.The emerging human organoid technology has compensated for the insufficiency of animal models.Organoids mainly refer to 3D (three-dimensional) multicellular tissue cultures derived from stem cells,which mimic the corresponding in vivo organs.Organoid constructions have been achieved from several organs including the gastrointestinal tract,esophagus,liver,gallbladder,brain,bladder and so on.The pancreas is unique because it functions as both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland.Currently,pancreatic duct and islet organoid technologies are under rapid development.However,how to build whole pancreatic organoids with complex structures is still challenging.This review will mainly discuss the latest research about pancreas development and organoid generation.In addition,the perspectives on the application and future studies of pancreatic organoids will also be provided here.

关 键 词：类器官 胰腺发育 糖尿病 胰腺癌 β细胞疗法 干细胞疗法 

分 类 号：R329[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]