2019年中国近海海洋热浪特征研究  

Study on characteristics of marine heatwave in the China offshore in 2019

作　　者：王爱梅[1] 王慧[1] 范文静[1] 骆敬新[1] 李文善[1] 徐珊珊[1] Wang Aimei;Wang Hui;Fan Wenjing;Luo Jingxin;Li Wenshan;Xu Shanshan(National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171

出　　处：《海洋学报》2021年第6期35-44,共10页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402610);大气海洋动力环境精细化预报及解释应用技术项目(2017YFC1404203)。

摘　　要：海洋热浪是指在一定海域内发生的海表温度异常偏高的现象,海洋热浪的发生会对海洋生态系统的功能与服务产生重大影响。近年来,中国近海海洋热浪频发,引起越来越多的关注。本文利用逐日海表温度观测资料对2019年中国近海海洋热浪特征进行研究分析,结果显示:2019年,在中国近海海南岛周边海域、长江口附近海域、渤海海域和江苏外海海域海洋热浪高发,频次为7~12次;北部湾附近海域海洋热浪发生时间最长,超过150 d。在此基础上,以北部湾海域2−4月经历的一次持续时间长达数月的海洋热浪事件为例,分析了事件期间对应的气温场、气压场以及风场的异常,并进一步分析了北部湾不同季节海洋热浪事件与各气象背景场的对应关系。总体而言,2019年北部湾海域2−4月海洋热浪期间,气温偏高,副热带高压面积偏大、位置偏西偏北,冬季风偏弱,是此海洋热浪发生与维持的重要原因。Marine heatwave,considered as events with prolonged anomalously high sea surface temperature in certain sea areas.The occurrence of marine heatwave could impact the function and service of marine ecosystem.In recent years,the marine heatwave in the China offshore become more frequent,and attract considerable attention.Used a range of ocean temperature data including daily satellite observations and daily in situ measurements,we analysised the characteristics of marine heatwave in the China offshore in 2019.Results show that in 2019,the frequency of marine heatwave is higher in the sea areas around Hainan Island,the Changjiang River Estuary,the Bohai Sea and the sea areas off Jiangsu Province,with the frequency of 7−12 times.The marine heatwave duration in the Beibu Gulf lasts the longest,more than 150 days.In addition,took the classical marine heatwave that last from February to April in Beibu Gulf as an example,anomaly characteristics of air temperature,sea level pressure and wind during the event period were investigated specifically and the corresponding relationships between the marine heatwave and meteorological background fields in different seasons in Beibu Gulf was further studied.On the whole,the higher air temperature,weaker East Asian winter monsoon,larger area and the northward and westward extension of subtropical high are the important factors for the occurrence and maintenance of the marine heatwave in the Beibu Gulf in the early 2019.

关 键 词：海洋热浪 气候变化 中国近海 海温 

分 类 号：P731.11[天文地球—海洋科学]