论法人组织刑事责任的追究策略选择  

On the Strategy Choice in Investigating the Criminal Liability of the Legal Person Organization

作　　者：宋颐阳 Song Yiyang

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院政治部

出　　处：《法治社会》2021年第4期91-102,共12页Law-Based Society

摘　　要：由于法人组织在数量、所能发挥作用等方面的剧烈变化,以及法人内部管理机制的不断升级,更重要的是社会上其他追责手段补齐社会治理成本缺口的有效性持续增强,所以追究法人刑事责任所应采用的具体策略也绝非静态。法人与自然人的差异起点在于前者通过所采用的管理机制实施具有规范意义的组织行为,后者通过身体动静实施符合构成要件的实行行为。法人管理机制上的漏洞,于客观上违反注意规范而制造了法所不容许的风险时,即可完成对危害结果归属于法人的规范判断。法人所明知的内容并不必然等同于个体代理人所掌握信息之和。受到法人投入于信息收集、分享、分析相关领域成本多少以及特定结果预见可能性大小的双重影响,法人可突破决策机构与决策人的预见范围对行为与结果间的关系具有"更加接近或远离于真实"的认识。对法人的责任形式采用主观推定的方式,不仅于刑事诉讼程序上不必区别对待作为犯罪主体的法人组织,也有利于令司法机关利用熟悉的方式获得更加合理的结论。Due to the drastic changes in the number and role of legal persons,as well as the continuous upgrading of the internal management mechanism of legal persons,what is more important is that the effectiveness of other accountability means in society to fill the gap in social governance costs continues to increase,and the specific strategies that should be adopted to investigate the criminal liability of legal persons are by no means static.The starting point of the difference between the legal person and the natural person is that the former implements the organizational behavior of normative significance through the management mechanism adopted,while the latter implements the behavior that conforms to the constitutive elements.The loophole in the legal person management mechanism can complete the normative judgment that the harm result belongs to the legal person when it objectively violates the attention norm and creates the risk which is not allowed by the law.What the legal person knows is not necessarily equal to the sum of the information held by the individual agent.Under the dual influence of the legal person’s investment in information collection,sharing,analysis of related areas and the possibility of predicting specific results,legal persons can break through the scope of foresight of decision-making bodies and decision-makers to have a“closer or farther away from the real”understanding of the relationship between behavior and results.The subjective presumption of the form of liability of the legal person not only does not have to treat the legal person organization as the subject of the crime differently in the criminal procedure,but also helps the judicial organs to draw a more reasonable conclusion by using the familiar way.

关 键 词：法人犯罪 法人刑事责任 矫治理论 责任形式 主观推定 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]